DLIST: Building An International Scholarly Communication Consortium for Library and Information Science

By

Anita Sundaram Coleman

School of Information Resources
& Library Science
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
Tel: 1-520-621-3565
asc@u.arizona.edu

Paul Bracke

Arizona Health Sciences Library
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
Tel: 1-520-626-1004
paul@ahsl.arizona.edu

 

ABSTRACT

DLIST is the Digital Library of Information Science and Technology, a repository of electronic resources in the domains of Library and Information Science (LIS) and Information Technology (IT). Initial collection development scope is in Information Literacy and Informetrics. Academics, researchers, and practitioners create a wealth of content that includes published papers, instructional materials, tutorials for software and databases, bibliographies, pathfinders, bibliometric datasets, dissertations and reports. DLIST aims to capture this wealth of information in a library that is openly available for re-use and global dissemination. Open deposit processes where authors retain copyright and facilities for full-text storage in a variety of formats are used.

A demonstration of DLIST along with the steps to register, deposit, and use materials is a part of the oral presentation at CALIBER 2003, Ahmedabad, India. UK and US experiences in building institutional repositories and strategies for international consortia building for resource sharing using DLIST are also outlined.

KEY WORDS: Scholarly Communication, Consortia, Information Technology, Public Domain, Library and Information Science, Information Literacy, Informetrics

0. INTRODUCTION

DLIST, which stands for the Digital Library of Information Science and Technology, is a recently initiated project of the School of Information Resource and Library Science at the University of Arizona in partnership with the Arizona Health Sciences Center [4]. The primary objective of DLIST is to create a web-accessible, open, digital repository for Library and Information Science and Information Technology.

DLIST is based on free software. At its core is the Eprints 2.2 package developed at the University of Southampton, UK [6]. Eprints requires the Linux operating system; the Apache web server with mod_perl, the Perl programming language with a handful of extra modules, and the MySQL database system [8, 1, 10]. Another open source software, Webalizer is used to analyze and prepare DLIST usage reports [15].

Eprints software is generally used to build institutional or discipline repositories of scholarship, the outputs of research such as journal articles, technical reports, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, and books. Whole journals, books, and conference proceedings or their components such as individual chapters, and articles can be deposited into a web-accessible digital storage system and described using a database form [13, 14]. Examples and well-known Eprint archives exist for disciplines such as Cog Prints for Cognitive Science and ArXiv for Physics [3, 2]. Figure 1 shows a screenshot of the DLIST home page [4].

Figure 1. DLIST Home Page

The DLIST project is unique among the Eprint repositories that currently exist and is similar in concept to the recently announced MIT project, Dspace [5]. We have extended the Eprint types beyond the traditional scholarly products of research to learning objects such as teaching materials (tutorials, syllabi, course outlines, lesson plans), learning objects (interactive presentations), and bibliographic instruction materials (pathfinders and bibliographies). We feel that the fundamental principles and knowledge in the two areas of our collection development, LIS and IT are areas in which the lines between research and teaching products are often blurring. The need for lifelong continuous, updating of information literacy and information technology (computing) literacy skills are becoming ever more important in our modern-day society. Repositories that integrate the outputs of research and teaching activities can make the information necessary for the acquisition and constant updating of these skills more easily and widely accessible. DLIST is thus unlike efforts such as MERLOT, GEM, and NDLTD [9, 7, 11]. MERLOT and GEM focus on educational materials, while the NDLTD collects digital theses and dissertations.

1. TYPES OF MATERIALS IN DLIST

Academics, researchers and practitioners in LIS and IT create a wealth of content. To capture this wealth and create a library that is as useful as possible, DLIST supports full-text materials (currently limited to English) such as published journal and book articles, bibliometric data sets, instructional and help materials, library pathfinders, reports, and bibliographies. Figure 2 shows some of the types of materials available in DLIST.

Figure 2: Full-text articles available in DLIST

Materials can be stored in the DLIST in formats such as HTML, pdf, text, and postscript. Authors can either upload materials directly to the archive, or specify a URL from which the material may be loaded into the system. In either case, a copy of the work is hosted on the DLIST server. Appendix 1 lists the metadata elements that authors provide at the time of the paper deposit/upload.

2. SUBJECTS COVERED BY DLIST

Creators of materials in all areas of LIS and IT are encouraged to participate in DLIST. The full list of DLIST subjects are given in Appendix 2; note that this is not a complete list of all subjects or topics in LIS & IT. New subjects may be added upon the request of authors or as needed. While authors in all LIS/IT subject areas are encouraged to deposit their materials there are two initial areas of emphasis in DLIST:

3. AN INVITATION TO PARTICIPATE

We are actively seeking partners who can contribute papers, instructional and Informetrics’ materials to the project. Besides, refereed and published papers, datasets, help pages, guides, tutorials, and documentation created to help use of information systems, bibliographic databases/indexes, and electronic resources, are the focus of our 'academic and research papers' archive building and collection development efforts. If you have any materials of this nature, please consider depositing them with DLIST for use and access to a wider audience.

We invite authors in the areas of Information Science and Information Technology to self-register and deposit their papers. Authors can choose to participate by contributing their research papers (either before or after publication). If you are interested in having your participation in DLIST coordinated or just have questions, please call or email the DLIST Project Manager: Paul Bracke, Phone: +1 (520) 621-4872, Email: paul@ahsl.arizona.edu.

4. WHY SHOULD AUTHORS, LIBRARIANS, AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS DEPOSIT IN DLIST?

DLIST will improve the visibility and impact of deposited works in several ways:

Figure 3 shows the self-registration process which authors must complete before they can deposit their articles. Figure 4 shows the private user area.

Figure 3: Self-registration in DLIST

 

Figure 4: User area in DLIST

Figure 5 shows one part of the DLIST deposit process and associated metadata creation whereby new materials are submitted to the repository. Self-archiving and submission facilities are open to all registered users. Appendix 3 provides the text for all the sample forms used in self-deposit.

Figure 5: One part of the Deposit Process and Metadata Creation

5. WHAT ABOUT COPYRIGHT?

Many, but not all, traditional print journals will allow author self archiving. The Self-Archiving FAQ in DLIST has further information; be sure to check the copyright transfer statements for any publications you may have questions about.

Publisher policies with regarding to self-archiving are also being investigated by projects such as ROMEO (Rights Metadata for Open Archiving). Self-archiving policies for LIS publishers will become available on the DLIST archive in Spring 2003.

6. DLIST SEARCH AND BROWSE CAPABILITIES

Figure 6 shows the browse by year capability currently available in DLIST. Browse by subject, which is also available, is not shown.

Figure 6: Browse by year

Figures 7 and 8 show the Simple Search and Advanced Search Capabilities currently available in DLIST.

Figure 7: Simple Search in DLIST

Figure 8: Advanced Search capabilities in DLIST

7. DOCUMENTATION AND HELP FOR DLIST

Figure 9 shows the screenshot for DLIST Documentation, which is available on how to deposit materials, the process of user and author self-registration, searching DLIST, copyright information, and archiving policies and practices.

Figure 9: DLIST Documentation and Help

8. DLIST USAGE STATISTICS

Currently, there are about 140 registered users, from many different countries around the world. Tables 1 and 2 below show DLIST usage since inception until January 19, 2003.

Table 1: Usage summary, 20 June 2002 – 19, January 2003

Usage summary for dlist.sir.arizona.edu

 

Table 2: Usage Summary by Month

Summary by Month

Month

Daily Avg

Monthly Totals

Hits

Files

Pages

Visits

Sites

KBytes

Visits

Pages

Files

Hits

Jan 2003

503

371

175

61

898

81473

1171

3338

7063

9562

Dec 2002

518

361

193

58

1371

156445

1804

5998

11221

16088

Nov 2002

1063

770

402

92

2099

290605

2776

12079

23115

31902

Oct 2002

1524

1029

537

105

2634

395049

3283

16649

31908

47264

Sep 2002

166

93

82

14

263

75962

448

2461

2808

5006

Aug 2002

220

129

113

18

285

53137

575

3518

4008

6829

Jul 2002

518

272

271

13

271

99139

417

8409

8461

16060

Jun 2002

68

26

34

8

87

2654

152

662

506

1297

Totals

1154464

10626

53114

89090

134008

Table 3: DLIST Usage statistics for October 2002

Monthly Statistics for October 2002

Total Hits

47264

Total Files

31908

Total Pages

16649

Total Visits

3283

Total Kbytes

395049

Total Unique Sites

2634

Total Unique URLs

378

Total Unique Usernames

48

Table 4 shows the usage by country. Table 5 shows the top 30 countries from which DLIST users come.

Usage by Country for October 2002

Emails from users in countries such as South Africa and India highlight the potential of DLIST to build a strong and freely available resource-sharing library of instructional material. DLIST can improve global communication; thus, it also has the potential to serve as a scholarly communication consortium resource for collaborations by and for information professionals.

Table 5: Number of hits, files downloaded (size in Kbytes) and country of origin of DLIST user in October 2002

Top 30 of 60 Total Countries

#

Hits

Files

KBytes

Country

1

13195

27.92%

7663

24.02%

83099

21.04%

US Educational

2

12081

25.56%

8705

27.28%

107049

27.10%

Unresolved/Unknown

3

5350

11.32%

3643

11.42%

45891

11.62%

Network

4

4474

9.47%

2905

9.10%

32836

8.31%

US Commercial

5

1625

3.44%

1283

4.02%

16354

4.14%

Canada

6

1481

3.13%

1170

3.67%

13688

3.46%

Czech Republic

7

1088

2.30%

632

1.98%

6009

1.52%

United States

8

864

1.83%

681

2.13%

9328

2.36%

Australia

9

802

1.70%

605

1.90%

6354

1.61%

Non-Profit Organization

10

479

1.01%

370

1.16%

4100

1.04%

US Government

11

465

0.98%

392

1.23%

4916

1.24%

United Kingdom

12

398

0.84%

56

0.18%

8476

2.15%

Austria

13

389

0.82%

314

0.98%

1814

0.46%

France

14

375

0.79%

287

0.90%

8464

2.14%

Spain

15

375

0.79%

276

0.86%

2916

0.74%

Israel

16

363

0.77%

244

0.76%

2880

0.73%

Italy

17

307

0.65%

269

0.84%

1633

0.41%

India

18

261

0.55%

250

0.78%

1755

0.44%

Germany

19

261

0.55%

192

0.60%

1305

0.33%

Netherlands

20

251

0.53%

202

0.63%

1752

0.44%

Sweden

21

243

0.51%

153

0.48%

4224

1.07%

Portugal

22

238

0.50%

209

0.66%

1645

0.42%

US Military

23

199

0.42%

105

0.33%

4050

1.03%

Croatia (Hrvatska)

24

184

0.39%

114

0.36%

701

0.18%

Belgium

25

171

0.36%

104

0.33%

660

0.17%

Finland

26

133

0.28%

87

0.27%

2256

0.57%

Denmark

27

126

0.27%

102

0.32%

7696

1.95%

New Zealand (Aotearoa)

28

113

0.24%

76

0.24%

958

0.24%

Japan

29

111

0.23%

84

0.26%

477

0.12%

South Africa

30

100

0.21%

95

0.30%

747

0.19%

Iceland

8. FUTURE WORK

Our plans include the following:

  1. Long term sustainability and funding to build a trusted repository.
  2. Focus collection development on a ‘digital core’ collection for LIS.
  3. Implement citation indexing.
  4. Implement the Greenstone Digital Library full-text search.
  5. Develop and make available policies for metadata, collection development, and use.
  6. Address intellectual property concerns by providing copies of publisher agreements.
  7. Add subject editors to maintain quality and oversee deposits.
  8. Separate collections within the archive.

Discussions are currently underway for affiliates and partners in the US and UK.

9. CONCLUSION

Librarians, leaders in shaping solutions for the scholarly communication crisis in other disciplines and resource sharing collaborators beyond par, create a wealth of instructional materials (for example, tutorials for software and databases, bibliographies, pathfinders) that are neither managed nor harnessed efficiently for re-use. DLIST provides a venue to explore solutions such as self-archiving, discipline, institutional archiving, and similar other innovative processes. This paper has discussed many of the major features of DLIST for such scholarly communication consortium building in Library and Information Science. These include the use of open source software such as Eprints, open deposit processes whereby authors retain copyright of their own materials, and open registration whereby users choose to display their affiliations. Additionally, the software has features such as versioning, where one can keep track of the different versions of a paper or tutorial, and the potential for implementing citation indexing where citing and citation behaviors can be used for better information retrieval. The benefits of DLIST have been briefly discussed. Not only does DLIST contribute to the development of a strong intellectual commons it can serve as the venue of a global scholarly communication consortium in LIS.

10. FUNDING AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Seed monies for DLIST are from the University of Arizona Proposition 301 funded initiative of the Internet Technology Commerce and Design Institute administered by the Social & Behavioral Sciences Research Institute. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following people: Dr. T.A.V. Murthy for his gracious invitation to attend and present at CALIBER 2003, Lisa Waite Bunker for DLIST Logo and Graphic Arts Design work, Shanna Leonard for Systems Support, Karthik and Gaurav Gupta, Graduate Research Assistants for help with DLIST technical administration, Mark Kelly, former student for help with DLIST implementation details, and Prof. Gary Frieburger, Prof. Brooke Sheldon and Prof. Cheryl Malone for supporting the DLIST initiative. Thanks also to other DLIST supporters, notably Dr. Mike Thelwall, University of Wolverhampton (UK), Dr. Robert Williams (South Carolina, US), Aida Slavic and Maria Inez Cordiera (University College, London), Dr. Ronald Rousseau (Ostend, Belgium), and Dr. Loet Leydesdorff (Amsterdam, Netherlands).

REFERENCES

[1] “Apache.” <http://www.apache.org/>

[2] “ArXiv.” <http://arxiv.org/>

[3] “Cogprints.” <http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/>

[4] “DLIST, Digital Library of Information Science & Technology.” <http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/>

[5] “Dspace.” <http://www.dspace.org/>

[6] “EPrints.” < http://www.eprints.org/ >

[7] “GEM, The Gateway to Educational Materials.” <http://www.thegateway.org>

[8] “Linux.” <http://www.linux.org/>

[9] “MERLOT, Multimedia Educational Resources for Online Learning and Teaching.” <http://www.merlot.org/>

[10] “MySQL.” <http://www.mysql.com/>

[11] “NDLTD, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.” <http://www.ndltd.org/>

[12] “Open Archives Initiative.” <http://www.openarchives.org/>

[13] Pinfield, Stephen, Mike Gardner and John McColl. “Setting Up An Institutional Eprint Archive.” Ariadne. 11 April 2002. < http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue31/eprint-archives/ >

[14] Steel, Colin. “Eprints the Future of Scholarly Communication?” inCite. October 2002. <http://www.alia.org.au/incite/2002/10/eprints.html>

[15] Webalizer.” <http://www.webalizer.com/>

 

Appendix I: DLIST Metadata

This is the list of the DLIST metadata elements. DLIST metadata is Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) compliant. OAI-PMH uses Dublin Core as its basic subset.

Elements

  1. Eprint Type (see list below at item 24)
  2. Later Version
  3. Commentary On
  4. Status: Values are Published, Unpublished, In Press
  5. Public Domain: Values are Yes, It is in the Public Domain, No
  6. Editors Names
  7. Title
  8. Subjects: See list at http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/subjects/  or in Appendix 2
  9. Year
  10. Abstract
  11. Conference
  12. Series
  13. Conference Date
  14. Location
  15. Volume
  16. Number
  17. Publisher
  18. Commentary on
  19. Alternative Locations
  20. Keywords
  21. Additional Information
  22. References
  23. Comments and Suggestions
  24. Format: Values are:
    1. PDF
    2. HTM
    3. HTML
    4. Microsoft Excel Worksheet (.xls)
    5. Microsoft Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt)
    6. TEXT
    7. Rich Text Format
    8. Postscript
    9. ASCII
    10. Microsoft Word Document
    11. You may offer an additional brief description of the format.
  25. Security level (of this document. Who is allowed to download it?) Values are: Anyone, Registered users only, Archive staff only

Appendix 2: DLIST Subjects

Academic Libraries
Anthropology
Archaeology
Archives
Artificial Intelligence
Bibliometrics
Cataloging
Citation Analysis
Classification
Co-citation Analysis
Cognitive Science
Communications
Computational Linguistics
Computer Science
Data Mining
Databases
Digital Libraries
Distributed Learning
Economics
Anthropology
Archaeology
Archives
Artificial Intelligence
Bibliometrics
Cataloging
Citation Analysis
Classification
Co-citation Analysis
Cognitive Science
Communications
Computational Linguistics
Computer Science
Data Mining
Databases
Digital Libraries
Distributed Learning
Economics
Economics of Information
Electronic Publishing
Epistemology
Evaluation
Geographic
Digital Libraries
Geographic Information Science
Geography
Human Computer Interaction
Hypertext and Hypermedia
Indexing
Information Analysis Information Extraction
Information Literacy
Information Science
Information Seeking Behaviors
Information Systems
Informetrics
Interdisciplinarity
Internet
Journalism
Knowledge Management
Knowledge Organization
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Structures
Learning Science
Libraries
Library Instruction
Library Science
Library Statistics
Library Systems
Library and Information Science Education
Linguistics
Management
Management Information Systems
Map Librarianship
Media Studies
Metadata
Museums
Natural Language Processing
Neuroscience
Ontology
Philosophy
Psychology
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Reference Services
Research Methods
Scholarly Communication
Science Technology Studies
Social Epistemology
Sociology
Software
Standards
Training
User Studies
Virtual Communities
Web Metrics
Web Mining
Wireless Technologies
World Wide Web
XML
Z39.50

Appendix 3: DLIST (Eprints) Deposit Process

A complete overview of the deposit process for submitting resources to the DLIST archive and creating the relevant metadata can be seen from the sample forms below:

Metadata Creation during DLIST Deposit:
Asterisks indicate element is required

Deposit Type
EPrint Type *
Please select the most appropriate type for your deposit.

Bibliography
Book
Book
Chapter
Conference Proceedings
Conference Paper
Conference Poster
Dataset
Departmental Report
Guide
In Collection
Interactive Material
Journal (On-line/Unpaginated)
Journal (Paginated)
Journal Article (On-line/Unpaginated)
Journal Article (Paginated)
Library Instructional Material
Newspaper/Magazine Article
Other
Pathfinder
Preprint
Presentation
Report
Syllabus
Technical Report
Thesis
Tutorial 

Succession/Commentary
Later Version of
If this document is a revised version of another document in the archive, please enter its ID code in this box.

Commentary on
If your item is a commentary on another document (or author's response to a commentary) in the archive, please enter its ID in this box.

Bibliographic Information
Please enter the bibliographic data about your deposit. Fields marked with a * are fields that must be filled out before your deposit will be accepted.

Status *
Please state here whether your deposit has been published, is currently in the process of being published (in press), or has not been previously published.

Unpublished
In Press
Published
Public Domain

If the document you are deposit is not your own but rather an old document that is now in the public domain, then please tick the following box. This will prevent your own name and address appearing with the document as the address for correspondence.
Yes, it is public domain              No

Editors
Please enter the names of the editors.


1. Title Given Name(s)/Initials Family Name(s) Lineage Person ID:

2. Title Given Name(s)/Initials Family Name(s) Lineage Person ID:

3. Title Given Name(s)/Initials Family Name(s) Lineage Person ID:

Title *
Please enter the full title of the deposit.

Subjects *
Please select at least one main subject category, and optionally up to two other subject categories you think are appropriate for your submission, in the list below. In some browsers you may have to hold CTRL or SHIFT to select more than one subject.

Academic Libraries
Anthropology
Archaeology
Archives
Artificial Intelligence
Bibliometrics
Cataloging
Citation Analysis
Classification
Co-citation Analysis
Cognitive Science
Communications
Computational Linguistics
Computer Science
Data Mining
Databases
Digital Libraries
Distributed Learning
Economics
Anthropology
Archaeology
Archives
Artificial Intelligence
Bibliometrics
Cataloging
Citation Analysis
Classification
Co-citation Analysis
Cognitive Science
Communications
Computational Linguistics
Computer Science
Data Mining
Databases
Digital Libraries
Distributed Learning
Economics
Economics of Information
Electronic Publishing
Epistemology
Evaluation
Geographic
Digital Libraries
Geographic Information Science
Geography
Human Computer Interaction
Hypertext and Hypermedia
Indexing
Information Analysis Information Extraction
Information Literacy
Information Science
Information Seeking Behaviors
Information Systems
Informetrics
Interdisciplinarity
Internet
Journalism
Knowledge Management
Knowledge Organization
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Structures
Learning Science
Libraries
Library Instruction
Library Science
Library Statistics
Library Systems
Library and Information Science Education
Linguistics
Management
Management Information Systems
Map Librarianship
Media Studies
Metadata
Museums
Natural Language Processing
Neuroscience
Ontology
Philosophy
Psychology
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Reference Services
Research Methods
Scholarly Communication
Science Technology Studies
Social Epistemology
Sociology
Software
Standards
Training
User Studies
Virtual Communities
Web Metrics
Web Mining
Wireless Technologies
World Wide Web
XML


Year*
Please enter the year in which your deposit was published or produced.


Abstract
Please enter the abstract of your deposit. You can easily copy and paste it into this box.


Conference*
Please enter the full name of the conference.


Series.
The title of the series or set of books.


Conference Date

Please enter when the conference took place.


Location
Enter here where the conference took place.


Volume
Enter the volume number of the journal in which your deposit appeared.


Number
Enter the issue number of the journal in which your deposit appeared.


Publisher
Please enter the name of the publisher.


Commentary on

If your deposit is a commentary on a item that is not in this archive, please enter the full reference of the item here.

Alternative Locations

If your deposit is available from other sites, please enter the URLs of your deposit on those sites here, including the initial http://. Please give the full URL of the item itself, and not just the hosting website.

Keywords
Enter here any keywords you think will aid searchers in finding your deposit. Please be careful to enter specific keywords relevant to your deposit, and don't be too general.

Additional Information
If you think you can specify some useful information about your deposit that can't be entered anywhere else, please enter it here.

References
You are strongly encouraged to paste in the reference list of your item into the box below. It will be used to link your item to those it cites and to those that cite it.

Comments and Suggestions
Any comments to the editor (this information will not be displayed to the public). Suggestions (with justification) for additional subject fields.

Please select the storage format of this document.

PDF
HTM
HTML
Microsoft Excel Worksheet (.xls)
Microsoft Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt)
TEXT
Rich Text Format
Postscript
ASCII
Microsoft Word Document

You may offer an additional brief description of the format.

Please indicate the required "security level" of this document. Who is allowed to download it?
Anyone Registered users only                 Archive staff only

Document File Upload


Please select an upload method.
File Upload
Capture from URL.
ZIP Archive
Upload.tar.gz
Archive Upload
If uploading plain files, please indicate how many.

Document File Upload

Please enter the URL of the document you wish to upload to the archive in the box below.

Occasionally, uploading this way may not produce a totally accurate copy. This is because some assumptions about the structure of the HTML must be made, to stop the software from trying to upload the whole World-Wide Web!

Deposit Verification
You have not finished yet!

Please verify that all of the details about your deposit are correct, and that all necessary document files have been correctly uploaded including any figures.

When you are satisfied click the submit button at the foot of this page.

For work being deposited by its own author: In self-archiving this collection of files and associated bibliographic metadata, I grant DLIST the right to store them and to make them permanently available publicly for free on-line. I declare that this material is my own intellectual property and I understand that DLIST does not assume any responsibility if there is any breach of copyright in distributing these files or metadata. (All authors are urged to prominently assert their copyright on the title page of their work.)

For work being deposited by someone other than its author: I hereby declare that the collection of files and associated bibliographic metadata that I am archiving at DLIST) is in the public domain. If this is not the case, I accept full responsibility for any breach of copyright that distributing these files or metadata may entail. Clicking on the deposit button indicates your agreement to these terms.

BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF AUTHOR

Anita Sundaram Coleman is a faculty member in the School of Information Resources & Library Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, U.S.A. Before coming to Arizona, she was with the Alexandria Digital Library, University of California at Santa Barbara. She holds a Ph.D from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and her research interests include digital libraries and academic citation behaviors

Paul Bracke is Head of Systems and Networking at the Arizona Health Sciences Library at the University of Arizona, Tucson, which he joined in 2002. Previously, he held positions in systems at the University of Arizona Main Library, in systems and reference at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and in reference at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign