University of Arizona
School of Information Resources & Library Science
IRLS 401/501 - Knowledge Structures I
Fall 2001 - Toolbox
Instructor: Anita Sundaram Coleman
GAT & WebCT Technical Support:
Shelly Drumm; Email: shel@dakotacom.net
Mode of Instruction: Virtual
Office: SIRLS 21
REQUIRED TEXTS
- Taylor, Arlene. 1999. The Organization of Information. Englewood, CO:
Libraries Unlimited.
- Mann, Thomas. 1993. Library Research Models: A Guide to Classification,
Cataloging, and Computers. New York: Oxford University Press.
REFERENCES
- IFLA's Digital Libraries: Metadata Resources does an excellent job of
maintaining an up-to-date web page on this topic - http://ifla.inist.fr/II/metadata.htm
- Week of Sept. 28 - Oct. 5, 2001
- Understanding MARC Bibliographic - http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/umb/
highly recommended introduction to MARC - Week of Sept. 21 - 28, 2001
- Milstead, J., and S. Feldman. Metadata: Cataloging by Any Other Name. http://www.onlineinc.com/onlinemag/metadata/
- Getty's Introduction to Vocabularies - http://www.getty.edu/research/institute/vocabulary/introvocabs/
- the Tools links provides a list of good tools to structured vocabularies and
other rules, etc. - Week of Nov. 2 - Nov. 9
- NSF's Digital Library Initiative - National SMET (Science, Mathematics, Engineering & Technology) Digital Library (NSDL) - Metadata Primer - http://siteforscience.nsdl.cornell.edu/metadata_info/outline.html - Week of Nov. 26 - Dec. 6
- ASIS Internet Thesaurus of Information Science by Jessica Milstead - http://www.asis.org/Publications/Thesaurus/isframe.htm - Week of Nov. 26 - Dec. 6
Bibliographic Utilities
Select ONE to explore and become familiar
with
- OCLC: http://www.oclc.org/home/
Browse/Learn how to use the OCLC MARC documentation: http://www.oclc.org/oclc/bib/toc.htm.
- RLG: http://www.rlg.org/rmrdi/
Browse/learn how to use the RLIN MARC Record
Specific Cataloging Services
Depending on what you selected above,
PICK the appropriate, matching service below to explore and become familiar
with
- CatExpress & CORC: http://catexpress.oclc.org/
- RLIN: You MUST Download RLIN Terminal to use RLIN.
RLIN Cataloging: http://www.rlg.org/ric/riccat.html
Standards
MARC (encoding) + AACR2r (content) are mandatory standards
for your study. Select a second standard from the Specialized Metadata Standards
section and based on your format or area of interest.
Important to
know that while we use the term "standards" some of these are not yet national
or international standards; some are being developed by user communities and are
in the standards process (trying to become standards), while others are true
NISO/ISO standards or are accepted as de facto standards.
- Standards for Describing Information Packages (a.k.a IBOs and Information
Resources)
- ISBD - Covers only ISBD(G) - http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbdg.htm
- is incorporated into AACR2R.
- MARC21 - http://www.loc.gov/marc/
- Specialized Metadata Standards (some of these are not just limited to
digital resources):
- Digital Geo-spatial Materials: FGDC's CSDGM
- Digital Learning Objects: IEEE-LOM
- Digital Visual Resources: CDWA
- Digital Archives: EAD
- Government Information (GILS)- http://www.gils.net/index.html
- Computer Files or Electronic Resources DC
Recently a NISO standard Z39.85
- Humanities Texts (TEI) - http://www.tei-c.org/
- Multimedia, Audio, Video, Music Materials: MPEG-7 http://builder.cnet.com/webbuilding/0-7534-8-4613796-3.html
is described in this project - http://www.surfnet.nl/innovatie/surfworks/doc/mmmetadata/;
MPEG-21 (Multi-media Framework) is the latest work as per ISO available here
- http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/mobile/MPEG7/Mpeg21.html
- Standards for Identification
- International Standard Numbering System: International Standard Book
Number, International Standard Music Number, International Standard
Recording Code - http://www.isbn.org/
- ISSN - http://www.issn.org/
- ISRN - http://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/fiz/service/isrn.html
- Digital Object Identifier (DOI) - http://www.doi.org/
- Standards for Constructing Thesauri
- Z39.19 - Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of
Monolingual Thesauri (National Information Standards, Ansi/Niso Z39.19-1993)
Can get Full-Text of this standard from NISO (see below)
- Standards for Retrieval
- Z39.50 - http://www.loc.gov/z3950/
"Z39.50"
refers to the International Standard, ISO 23950: "Information Retrieval
(Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification", and to
ANSI/NISO Z39.50. The Library of Congress is the Maintenance Agency and
Registration Authority for both standards, which are technically identical
(though with minor editorial differences).
- Standards Organizations:
- NISO - http://www.niso.org/ -
Can
get full-text of Z39.19, Z39.50, and Z39.85 at website (see index of
standards for complete list of standards)
- W3C - http://www.w3c.org/ - Good
source for standards such as HTML, XML, RDF, and new web-related standards
because of Tim Berners-Lee's vision of the next generation of the web,
called the Semantic Web
- ISO - http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.openerpage
- good source of all international standards.
Classification Tools
Select ONE to become familiar with; Familiarity
with DDC is mandatory.
- Library of Congress Classification Scheme - URL: http://classweb.loc.gov/
Demo
site. ENDED! DO NOT USE!!
Use Library of Congress Classification (LCCN)
Outline - URL: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/lcco.html
- Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) - URL: http://www.oclc.org/oclc/fp/about/ddc_21_summaries.htm
- Universal Decimal Classification - URL: http://www.udcc.org/
- National Library of Medicine (NLM) Classification - URL: http://wwwcf.nlm.nih.gov/class/
Vocabulary Control
Select a subject of your choice and PICK ONE
appropriate tool to become familiar with; Familiarity with LCSH is
mandatory
- Library of Congress Subject Headings - (general subjects) - Access on your
own through your local library or through workarounds on the Authority Files
described below which are via CatExpress, DRA, or LC Catalog.
- Sears List of Subject Headings - (children's subjects) - Access on your
own through your local library or through workarounds in CatExpress (subject
headings used in MARC when from Sears are coded differently - see MARC
Bibliographic Subject 6xx (below) for details).
- Thesaurus of Graphic Materials (TGM) - Access on your own http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/
and through workarounds in CatExpress (subject headings from the TGM when used
in MARC bibliographic records are coded differently - see MARC Bibliographic
Subject 6xx (below) for details)
- Art & Architecture Thesaurus - (art & architecture subjects) - http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/
Note: Getty's Vocabulary Control Program includes maintenance of three
vocabularies: The AAT above, ULAN (Union List of Artist Names), and TGN
(Thesaurus of Geographic Names).
- Medical Subject Headings - (medical subjects) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
- MARC Bibliographic records can also use and indicate MeSH records in 6xx;
see MARC Authority Format for details.
- ERIC Thesaurus - (educational subjects) - http://www.ericfacility.net/extra/pub/thessearch.cfm
Note: ERIC database is located here: http://www.askeric.org/
- GeoREF Thesaurus - (geography subjects) - Access through UA Sabio at http://www.library.arizona.edu/indexes/links/georef.shtml
- once inside use the Thesaurus link to search for example, the term Aquifers
- GEONet Names Server - (foreign place names) - http://164.214.2.59/gns/html/index.html
- Other subjects: feel free to pick other subjects (for example, INSPEC
Thesaurus for physics, astronomy subjects, Library Literature (does it have a
thesaurus or just a controlled vocabulary?) for LIS, etc.
- ASIS Thesaurus for Information Science (fully online) - http://www.asis.org/Publications/Thesaurus/isframe.htm
Authority Control (traditional - in libraries)
- MARC 21 Authority Format: http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/ecadhome.html
- Name Authority File and Subject Authority File (SAF has the authority
records for the Library of Congress Subject Headings; NAF has the names
established by LC and other catalogers for personal, corporate names, uniform
titles, conferences, etc.)
- MARC Bibliographic Subject 6xx tags indicate source from where heading (if
LCSH, TGM, or other) was derived - http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/lite/elbdsubj.html
; see MARC Code Lists for terms to see a complete list of sources from where
headings can come - http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/relators/re0006su.html
Note: Three ways to search these files for this class: 1) CatExpress
Authority; DRA (details below); and LC Catalog (on your own).
DRA (a
library automation system vendor) provides the LC Authority files for free
searching on the web. The DRA LC Authority Search is located at http://lcmarc.dra.com/LCAUTH
- Use this catalog's examples of Subject Authority records by following
this subject search hyperlink: http://lcmarc.dra.com/db/LCAUTH/subject.html
- Use subject headings such as gender studies, art in america, automobiles
and study the structure of the records retrieved.
- Use this catalog also to search for authority records of names as
titles. Try the title search Lecture Notes and then try Lecture Notes in
Computer Science.
- Use author search with the example, NATO.
- Library of Congress Catalog - http://catalog.loc.gov/
Use Subject
search
Ontologies, Lexical Databases
- What is an ontology? http://www.semanticweb.org/knowmarkup.html
- Stanford KSL Network Servers - http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/
Register to use and read about Ontolingua ontology
- SHOE - Semantic
Search - SHOE Search Engine
Must have IE, allow applets, and have good
network connections
- WordNet - http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/
- an electronic lexical database (natural language processing).
Professional Links to People, Associations, Listservs, Etc. in the Field
- Arlene G. Taylor's Homepage - http://www.pitt.edu/~agtaylor/index.html
- Music Library Association - http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/
- Society of American Archivists - http://www.archivists.org/
- American Library Assciation Association for Library Collections & Technical
Services, ALA ALCTS - http://www.ala.org/alcts/;
ALCTS Committees are important: http://www.ala.org/alcts/organization/index.html
- International Federation of Library Associations & Institutions, IFLA - http://www.ifla.org/; IFLA Acitivities & Services
are important: http://www.ifla.org/act-serv.htm,
specifically, UBCIM, and IFLA publications.
- jESSE Listserv - http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html
- AutoCat Listserv - international discussion forum for issues related to
cataloging and authority control - http://listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu/archives/autocat.html
General Purpose References and Tools
In this section I have tried to
point you to a few resources on the WWW that may be useful to build your mental
map of information organization activities.
Cataloger's Reference Shelf - http://www.tlcdelivers.com/tlc/crs/CRS0000.htm
- List of descriptive and subject cataloging manuals, principles, and tools used
in Library Cataloging.
Uses of Metadata - Tim Berners-Lee's article in Scientific American about
the Semantic Web - http://www.scientificamerican.com/2001/0501issue/0501berners-lee.html
Automatic Metadata Creation Tools - http://dublincore.org/tools/
How do users think of knowledge? What are knowledge structures? - The
constuctivist view in education - http://umperg.physics.umass.edu/perspective/constructivism
and an associated research study may provide a preliminary understanding - http://umperg.physics.umass.edu/perspective/cognitiveModelPaper
(Philosophical Digression) The Crisis of the Structures of Knowledge; How Many Ways May We Know? and
Where do we go from here?
Syllabus |
Schedule | Requirements | KS Toolbox