A Well known phrase in Hindi which elucidate that the ‘Thirsty needs to go to well, well will not come to thirsty’. Toolbar has now changed the scenario in respect that it taking well to the thirsty. This paradigm shift is due to advancement in information and computer technology. The thirsts for the information are increasing day-by-day. Information wells are deepens rapidly, library resources are increasing in collection as well as characters and flowing along with the technology. Library and Information Centers adopting various methodology for collection building, from print media to digital collection, from individual subscription to consortia based collaboration in order to saving budget, library automation for resource management, Web 2.0 technology for information literacy and user education and other tools and technology such as audio visual methods, forum, emails, list-serves, and many more lists are added up during the time for ‘save the time of reader’, what S R Rangnathan’s philosophy reveal. Library services are fading out of sight for most user groups and how these users and their expectations have changed, without us realizing. It contains a strong plea for a focus shift for librarians, a focus into the environments where the users are, instead of expecting them to come to us, or our resources. Exploration of all relevant user environments for your organization, the use of new web-based technologies with Web 2.0 elements and certainly a more structural technical re-design of library information systems is required to deliver library services and resources at the place of need. A simple shortterm solution like a Quick-Search Library Toolbar is explained here as a tool for taking library to user. This paper will discuss the Technology, Methodology and Usability and1 multitasking nature of Library Toolbars for enhanced search methodology. This will also discuss how toolbar can be helpful in getting latest information about the happenings around the globe, latest availability of resources in the library, email check with single click and how the library toolbar has been adopted at authors institution for better user education and information communication. The paper concludes with the remarks for research on more tools like library toolbar for enhancing library activity for user unreached.

The behavior and patterns of recovery and processing of digital information by users is a recurring theme in the literature. The study of these behaviors are carried out through observation techniques and analysis of processes, actions and decisions undertaken by users in different situations. This paper presents the data resulting from the study of patterns of recovery and management of reference information of three consecutive courses of a specialized subject. The findings obtained showed a clear difference between patterns of information retrieval and obtained prior to the end of the training process, but there has been a significant change in the ultimate goal of users or appreciable changes in their prospects for application in other environments.

The author explains some general principles in structuring classifications, in particular the facet as a basic building element of the scheme. The paper provides an overview of structural and presentational elements of facets and how these can be expressed through notational system. The author also analyses the way some broad fundamental facets of concepts are presented in UDC tables, when these are represented by special auxiliaries, and proposes a way of normalising facet presentation so that it becomes consistent and easy to recognize in UDC.

This text is a brief update on the progress of the revision of biological systematics in UDC that has not had an overall revision for many decades. The first stage of the project, in 2010, included the revision of the taxonomy of vertebrates, and this was completed and published in Extensions and Corrections to the UDC - E&C, 32 (2010). The next stage, completed in 2011, was class 582 Systematic botany, published as the revised table in this issue - E&C, 33 (2011). In this paper, the author of the revised tables provides a brief overview of content organization and presentation in the new schedules and specific information about the revision of Botany.

Wireless sensor network is a special form of wireless networks dedicated to surveillance and monitoring applications Reliability in wireless sensor network is application specific. The specific form of reliability might change from application to application. Our idea is to generate reliability based transport protocol that is customizable to meet the needs of emerging reliable data applications in sensor networks and is also adaptive when the nodes are mobile. In our approach, clusters are formed for minimizing energy dissipation. The nodes maintain a neighbor list to forward data and any changes in the local topology can trigger updates to a node’s neighbor list. If a node notices that its neighbor list has changed, it can spontaneously re-advertise all of its data thus providing reliable transport in mobility conditions also. Our approach has five phases-setup, relaying, relay initiated error recovery, selective status reporting and node supervising. Our simulation results prove that the proposed approach can outperform existing related techniques and is highly responsive to the various error and mobility conditions experienced in sensor networks.

Open Courseware is nothing but the repository of the study and learning materials in digital form in the web which is open for every user i.e. Open Access. These repositories envisage to store, index, preserve, distribute and share the digital learning resources with any time access offering interoperability. On the other hand, e-learning covers a myriad set of applications, and processes such as computer based learning, web-based learning, virtual classrooms, etc. What is most significant about the method is that it ensures faster learning at comparatively reduced cost and gives access to more learning resources. In India, a number of institutions are digitizing their course materials and a good number of open courseware have been established e.g. eGyankosh-a National Digital Repository, CEC Learning Object Repository, Indo- German eGurukul on Digital Libraries, NPTEL, NCERT Online Textbooks, UNESCOSALIS e-Learning Portal, etc. This paper presents a scenario of the Open Courseware initiatives in India that can be helpful and necessary to the e-learners.

Multiplication is one of the major bottlenecks in most digital computing and signal processing systems, which depends on the word size to be executed. This paper presents three deferent designs for three-operand 4-bit multiplier for positive integer multiplication, and compares them in regard to timing, dynamic power, and area with classical method of multiplication performed on today architects. The three-operand 4-bit multipliers structure introduced, serves as a building block for three-operand multipliers in general

Software can be tested either manually or automatically. The two approaches are complementary: automated testing can perform a huge number of tests in short time or period, whereas manual testing uses the knowledge of the testing engineer to target testing to the parts of the system that are assumed to be more error-prone. Despite this contemporary, tools for manual and automatic testing are usually different, leading to decreased productivity and reliability of the testing process. Auto Test is a testing tool that provides a “best of both worlds” strategy: it integrates developers’ test cases into an automated process of systematic contractdriven testing. This allows it to combine the benefits of both approaches while keeping a simple interface, and to treat the two types of tests in a unified fashion: evaluation of results is the same, coverage measures are added up, and both types of tests can be saved in the same format. The objective of this paper is to discuss the Importance of Automation tool with associate to software testing techniques in software engineering. In this paper we provide introduction of software testing and describe the CASE tools. The solution of this problem leads to the new approach of software development known as software testing in the IT world. Software Test Automation is the process of automating the steps of manual test cases using an automation tool or utility to shorten the testing life cycle with respect to time.

Accurate cost estimation of software projects is one of the most desired capabilities in software development Process. Accurate cost estimates not only help the customer make successful investments but also assist the software project manager in coming up with appropriate plans for the project and making reasonable decisions during the project execution. Although there have been reports that software maintenance accounts for the majority of the software total cost, the software estimation research has focused considerably on new development and much less on maintenance. Now if we talk about real time software system(RTSS) development cost estimation and maintenance cost estimation is not much differ from simple software but some critical factor are considered for RTSS development and maintenance like response time of software for input and processing time to give correct output. As like simple software maintenance cost estimation existing models (i.e. Modified COCOMO-II) can be used but after inclusion of some critical parameters related to RTSS. A Hypothetical Expert input and an industry data set of eighty completed software maintenance projects were used to build the model for RTSS maintenance cost. The full model, which was derived through the Bayesian analysis, yields effort estimates within 30% of the actual 51% of the time,outperforming the original COCOMO II model when it was used to estimate theseprojects by 34%. Further performance improvement was obtained when calibrating the full model to each individual program, generating effort estimates within 30% of the actual 80% of the time.

In some recent papers, the weight based statistical bounds have arguably explained time complexity better than the count based mathematical bounds. This is definitely true for average case where for an arbitrary code it is difficult to identify the pivotal operation or pivotal region in the code for taking the expectation and/or when the probability distribution, over which expectation is taken, becomes unrealistic over the problem domain. In worst case, it can certify whether a mathematical bound is conservative or not. Here we revisit the results on Bubble sort in sequential mode and make an independent study of the same algorithm in parallel mode using statistical bound