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dc.contributor.authorBernstein, Jay H.
dc.contributor.editorJacob, Elin K.en_US
dc.contributor.editorKwasnik, Barbaraen_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-07-22T00:00:01Z
dc.date.available2010-06-18T23:25:01Z
dc.date.issued2009en_US
dc.date.submitted2009-07-22en_US
dc.identifier.citationThe Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and its Antithesis 2009, Vol 2:68-75en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10150/105414
dc.description.abstractThe now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turn leads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical, the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexistent. Ackoffâ s formula linking these terms together this way permits us to ask what the opposite of knowledge is and whether analogous principles of hierarchy, process, and pyramiding apply to it. The inversion of the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy produces a series of opposing terms (including misinformation, error, ignorance, and stupidity) but not exactly a chain or a pyramid. Examining the connections between these phenomena contributes to our understanding of the contours and limits of knowledge.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectKnowledge Organizationen_US
dc.subjectInformation Analysisen_US
dc.titleThe Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and its Antithesisen_US
dc.typeConference Paperen_US
refterms.dateFOA2018-08-21T12:06:15Z
html.description.abstractThe now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turn leads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical, the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexistent. Ackoffâ s formula linking these terms together this way permits us to ask what the opposite of knowledge is and whether analogous principles of hierarchy, process, and pyramiding apply to it. The inversion of the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy produces a series of opposing terms (including misinformation, error, ignorance, and stupidity) but not exactly a chain or a pyramid. Examining the connections between these phenomena contributes to our understanding of the contours and limits of knowledge.


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