Gender differences in conversational interruptions have been examined in a number of different professional areas, such as corporate and judicial settings. Previous studies on conversational interruptions show that a majority involve men interrupting women, and that these interruptions amplify the gender bias and discrimination faced by those in the workplace on a daily basis. However, there is a paucity of information reported on this subject within the field of medicine and, specifically, within undergraduate medical education. Hardly any research has explored gender and conversational interruptions amongst medical students, and between medical students and their instructors. To address this gap, University of Arizona medical students were recorded during their Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) trainings in the College of Medicine Arizona Simulation Technology and Education Center (ASTEC) for analysis of interruptions. Multiple raters watched and scored the video recordings of high-fidelity, mannequin-based simulation scenarios. A coding system for interruptions was developed to evaluate the impact of not only gender, but other potentially influential factors such as the type of interruption and status of the interrupter and interruptee. After analysis of the data collected, it was found that men interrupted women more often than women interrupted men (p<0.05), and more specifically, male students interrupted female students twice as often as the reverse (p<0.02). In regard to interruption type, there were twice as many male-student-on-female-student power interruptions than there were female-student-on-male-student power interruptions (p<0.05). These findings have interesting implications for ways to minimize conversational interruptions in medical simulation training.

My thesis will focus on the importance of the portrayal of anxiety in children’s picture books and the lack of material that children have access to. This paper will explore the issue and offer insights to why it is important to address this topic and its importance to children. I will also provide data on the books that are available to children in my community of Tucson, Arizona, including the Pima County Library system as well as books available to children in classrooms. Through this investigation I will explore what gaps are still left when it comes to the availability of children’s book’s portraying anxiety. I will also discuss the current portrayal of anxiety and how this helps or hinders children’s and adult’s understanding of anxiety in children.

INTRODUCTION: Previous research within the field of sleep psychology has shown that there is a relationship between the specific symptoms of depression and insomnia. Through this study, we will try to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between anxiety and insomnia, particularly the main 7 specific symptoms of anxiety present on the GAD-7, and the daytime, nighttime, and perception symptoms of insomnia. The findings of this research will be able to further guide health professionals in being able to effectively treat patients with this comorbidity. METHODS: Data from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study were used, including N=1003 community-dwelling adults age 22-60 from southeastern Pennsylvania. All participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the GAD7 anxiety questionnaire. The ISI was divided into 3 sections, based on prior work: SLEEP symptoms (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep or early morning awakening), DAYTIME symptoms (difficulty functioning, noticeable effects), and PERCEPTION symptoms (dissatisfaction and worry about sleep). The items of the GAD7 were assessed separately, including anxiety level, loss of control, worry about many things, difficulty relaxing, restlessness, irritability, and feelings of fear; these were coded as yes/no indicating presence often. Binary logistic regression analyses examined each symptom, with each component of the ISI as predictor (adjusting for the others), as well as age, sex, race/ethnicity and education level. Post-hoc analyses included forward stepwise analyses to determine which components of the ISI contribute to each symptom. RESULTS: SLEEP symptoms were uniquely, independently associated with control (OR=1.09, p=0.03), many worries (OR=1.1, p=0.017), restlessness (OR=1.1, p=0.009), and irritability (OR=1.1, p=0.04). DAYTIME symptoms were uniquely, independently associated with anxiety level (OR=1.3, p<0.0005), control (OR=1.2, p<0.0005), many worries (OR=1.3, p<0.0005), difficulty relaxing (OR=1.2, p=0.004), restlessness (OR=1.3, p=0.001), and irritability (OR=1.2, p<0.0005). PERCEPTION symptoms were uniquely, independently associated with anxiety level (OR=1.1, p=0.03), control (OR=1.2, p=0.001), many worries (OR=1.2, p=0.001) , difficulty relaxing (OR=1.4, p<0.0005), irritability (OR=1.2, p=0.018), and feelings of fear (OR=1.2, p=0.002). In stepwise analyses, fear was predicted only by PERCEPTION symptoms; anxiety level and difficulty relaxing were predicted by DAYTIME and PERCEPTION symptoms; restlessness was predicted by SLEEP and DAYTIME symptoms; and control, many worries and irritability were predicted by all three symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that daytime and perception symptoms of insomnia played a more significant role in the symptoms of anxiety than nighttime symptoms of insomnia. This information offers new insight into this topic and can be used by health professionals to approach this issue differently by focusing on daytime symptoms in the experience of insomnia and overall perception symptoms when treating insomnia and anxiety as a comorbidity.

With the development of the Internet and the popularity of social media, video content influences our lives at an unprecedented level. Many social media platforms use video as the main content to make posts besides texts and pictures. As one of the leading social media platforms, Instagram uses pictures and videos as the primary type of posting. Although videos are everywhere around our lives, we still have no idea what type of content can attract more people. The present study explores the relationship between types of content and people’s preference on social media. Bytracking a dog trainer account about the type of content it use to make posts and the number of likes and responses under each post, there is a strong correlation between video and the number of likes and responses. This result suggests that videos can attract more people compared with pictures.

The rationale for humanity in the modern-day battle of synthetic digital music production versus human performance has always been a challenging subject. Recent events of the COVID-19 pandemic have further provoked this, as collaboration no longer has to be within physical proximity to be wholly authentic. With endless possibilities in synthetic digital music production, the vitality of human performance is challenged, particularly in a recording context. Preliminary research will be therefore be performed on a small woodwind cohort, in addition to virtual instruments in the Hollywood Orchestra by EastWest sounds. Both ensembles will be recording Robert Muczynski’s Fragments for Woodwind Trio. The five fragments: Waltz, Solitude, Holiday, Reverie, and Exit, showcase a variety of different timbres and textures with its flute, clarinet, and bassoon instrumentation. Additionally, this instrumentation will provide an interesting perspective in terms of sound production in context of the virtual orchestral. The data analysis from these recording sessions will identify the key factors in creating musical cantabile, and whether the virtual instruments are able to successfully recreate the same effect. Historically, many musicians have preserved through difficult times like this, and their ability to innovatively adapt may well allow them to beat the machine.

Purpose: To develop evidence-informed best practice recommendations for postpartum women to reference when experiencing breastfeeding complications such as nipple trauma, pain, and soreness. Background: Breastfeeding is the optimal source of nutrition for infants as it provides nutrients and immunological support tailored to the infant’s needs. Approach to Practice: The best practice recommendations are based on a literature review that was conducted through a search on Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Health Sciences Library. Articles were filtered between the years 2010 to 2020. The literature selection process included the following keywords: breastfeeding interventions, nipple shield, lanolin oil, proper positioning, breastfeeding complications, and nipple pain. Ten articles were included in the literature review section of this thesis. Outcomes: The proposed best practice recommendations are for all postpartum mothers to reference in order to prevent or reduce breastfeeding complications. The hypothetical implementation will be evaluated based on the effect of the infographic created and the breastfeeding outcomes of the women after discharge. Conclusions: Although proper positioning, lanolin oil, and were beneficial for women experiencing breastfeeding complications, further research is needed to solidify the benefits of these therapeutic modalities.

Intubated patients are at high risk of developing secondary infections, which increases their risk of a poor outcome. Especially in COVID patients, clinicians need to closely monitor the presence of pathogenic agents responsible for these infections. The current standard of care involves culture-based detection methods, which may take days and may miss diagnoses due to their limited identification capabilities. As such, clinicians will often start suspected patients on a dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are ineffective against viruses and fungi and promotes antibiotic resistance. A novel diagnostic technology is metagenomic, next-generation sequencing (mNGS) where it can identify a wide variety of organisms responsible for the secondary infections from the extratracheal exudate. We designed a web interface using R Shiny to successfully filter, label, and display the large amount of information outputted by mNGS. With clinician feedback from surveys, the website was made to mimic existing culture reports to facilitate clinician adoption and ensure ease of use. A secondary website was also created to context and information about the web application and to allow app users to provide feedback in the future. Our overall goal is that our system will serve as a proof-of-concept that mNGS may be one day popularized for secondary infection diagnostics.

The effectiveness of selection varies among species. It is often estimated by means of an “effective population size” based on neutral polymorphism, but this is confounded in complex ways with demography. The strength of codon bias more directly pertains to how well adaptation at many sites can be maintained in the face of deleterious mutations, but past metrics that compare codon bias across species are confounded by among-species variation in %GC content and/or amino acid composition. Here we propose a new Codon Adaptation Index of Species (CAIS) that corrects for both confounders. Unlike previous metrics, CAIS yields the expected relationship with adult vertebrate body mass. As an example of the use of CAIS, we ask whether protein domains evolve lower intrinsic structural disorder (ISD) when present in more exquisitely adapted species, as expected given that ISD is higher in eukaryotic proteomes than prokaryotic proteomes. Using phylogenetically corrected linear models, we find, contrary to expectations, that the ISD of a given protein domain evolves to be higher when in well- adapted species. This effect is stronger in young protein domains but is also present in ancient domains.

The development of an Automated Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP) System has been established by Team 21051 for Ruda Cardinal Inc. Products had previously been serialized in which tracking, report organization, and communication maintained in a mix of analog and digital forms. Digitizing the production system is a great need to Ruda to allow for greater production volume and reduce production time. Therefore, the need arose for a way to track location of hardware throughout product lifecycle, provide on-demand reports of the product, and allow intercommunication between all involved departments at different points in the development process. The created MRP streamlines the manufacturing process allowing for employees to minimize bookkeeping and spend more time manufacturing products. The system features a uniform process that can be followed and replicated for the production of each product of a high-volume contract. Additional features improve ease of use: barcode scanners to allow for products to be easily and concretely tracked through the manufacturing process; automated notifications to update individuals when a product is ready to move to the next steps; and templated Excel sheets to minimize operator error. The MRP was created using agile work methodologies, so three functional iterations of the product were created and delivered to the sponsor throughout the year.

This competition was an equity portfolio management competition that challenged students across the nation to create a market-neutral portfolio over several months. The competition ran in three phases starting on November 2nd, 2020 and concluding on March 31st, 2021. The timeframe ran through the 2020 Presidential Election of Biden / Trump and the tribulations of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our team, UAlpha, was comprised of five students, including Nick Aleman, Lauren Chitren, Ryan Cramer, Abelardo Ramirez, and myself (Trevor Volpe). We were able to make it through the semifinal round, and our competition concluded on February 14th, 2021. Initially, we created our model to outperform the index during a market correction. However, with negative returns during the first two months, while the market went positive, we decided to shift away from a bear model towards a bull model on December 30th, 2020. In the end, we finished the competition with an overall return of -22.63%, placing 11th out of 39 teams.