SENSITIVITY TO THERAPIST VALUES, VALUE CONVERGENCE AND OUTCOME IN GROUP COGNITIVE THERAPY.

Abstract

Value convergence refers to the empirical finding that in successful psychotherapy patients adopt their therapist's values. This study examines the relationship between therapy outcome and the following predictor variables: The initial similarity of patient and therapist values; patient sensitivity to therapist values; value convergence, changes in dysfunctional beliefs, and patient's ability to predict therapist's values. Previous attempts to define values are examined as well as conceptualizations of the relationship of values to psychotherapy. The empirical research relating to value change and psychotherapy is reviewed. A growing body of literature has largely confirmed the value convergence phenomenon. Methodological weaknesses in this literature are discussed. The related research area in cognitive therapy concerning the relationship of belief changes and depression is also reviewed, followed by a summary of cognitive therapy (CT) theory and practice. A total of 29 depressed older adults were randomly assigned to group CT or to a medication (alprazdam)/supportive therapy condition. The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) assessed value similarity, value convergence and subject predictions of therapist values. A scale developed here, the Treatment Sensitivity Survey (TSS), assessed sensitivity to therapist values. The Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CEQ) measured changes in dysfunctional cognitions. Of these variables only sensitivity to therapist values significantly predicted improvement as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Initial values similarity also predicted value convergence. Subjects in the CT condition evidenced greater value convergence and made more accurate predictions of therapist values.