Cavity QED: Adiabatic atomic cooling in cavities and evaluation of a technique for atomic homodyne detection of cotangent states.

Abstract

Part I. We analyze how a decaying cavity field can lead to significant atomic cooling. This cooling can be intuitively understood by invoking the adiabatic theorem to characterize the dynamics of an atom dressed by a classical field. We find numerically that cooling can proceed well into the quantum regime where there are only a few photons left in the cavity, and where the adiabatic theorem ceases to be applicable. A physical interpretation of this final cooling stage is given. Part II. We evaluate a nonlinear atomic homodyne detection scheme for measuring the Wigner characteristic function of a microwave cavity field. We find numerically that the semiclassical approximation, on which this scheme is based, does not give results consistent with a full quantum calculation. We analyze the back-action of the measurements on steady-state 'macroscopic superpositions' that can be generated in high-Q microwave cavities. We show that the measurements required for a full characterization of the state destroys the macroscopic superposition such that it cannot be reconstructed by using the scheme that was used to generate it in the first place.