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    A process based method to estimate the hydrograph from small agricultural watersheds

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    Author
    Stone, Jeffry Joel,1948-
    Issue Date
    1990
    Keywords
    Hydrology.
    Hydrographic surveying -- Technique.
    Watersheds.
    Committee Chair
    Lane, Leonard
    
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    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    The kinematic wave model for overland and channel flow is used to develop a method to calculate the runoff hydrograph from a watershed consisting of a cascade of planes and channels. First, a general, semi-analytic solution based on the method of characteristics and incorporating flow on infiltrating surfaces is derived. Unrealistic properties of previous solutions based on the method of characteristics are avoided by defining lateral inflow in relation to the presence or absence of flowing water on the flow surface. It is shown that the new definition of lateral inflow results in both a more physically realistic representation of the overland and channel flow process during the recession stage of the hydrograph and a more accurate estimation of runoff volume than obtained by previous solutions. Second, the concept of the storage of water at kinematic equilibrium is used to calculate a depth-discharge coefficient for a single plane system and a two plane, one channel system, each of which is hydraulically equivalent to a complex cascade of planes and channels. The method is validated on two rangeland watersheds in Arizona. The results show that hydrographs generated from the two simplified watershed geometries are essentially the same as those from complex geometries when the duration of the runoff event is equal to or greater than the time to kinematic equilibrium. At durations less than the time to kinematic equilibrium, the two plane, one channel system preserves the complex geometry properties better than the single plane system.
    Type
    Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
    text
    Degree Name
    Ph. D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Renewable Natural Resources
    Graduate College
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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