Self & Implicit Memory

Abstract

Previous research has shown that information encoded self-referentially often promotes superior recall than that encoded relative to others, semantically, or perceptually. This finding has been labeled the Self-Reference Effect (SRE). However, prior investigations have only used explicit (i.e., conscious) tests of memory, neglecting the possibility that these results could be mediated by implicit (i.e., unconscious) memory processes. Moreover, there is minimal information on the neuropsychological processes that may be involved in self-referential memory, whether explicit or implicit. This study examined subjects' implicit and explicit memory for adjectives that had been encoded self-referentially, relative to an unknown other, and structurally. Furthermore, neuropsychological measures were given.The results suggest a complex relationship between levels of self-reference, self-awareness, memory, and the general neurological areas that may support these processes. Subsequent investigations should take into account the fact that implicit memory is likely to influence self-referential encoding and retrieval. Should these findings be replicated, it could potentially influence a broad base of theoretical work in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, as well as clinical work in the areas of: traumatic brain injury, certain psychiatric disorders, amnesia, age-related memory deficits, and anosognosia (unawareness of deficits).