Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

• 

  Reality TV, Relational Aggression, And Romance: The Effects of Reality Show Viewing On Relational Aggression and Relational Quality in Romantic Relationships

  Segrin, Chris G.; Swiatkowski, Paulina; Segrin, Chris G.; Stevens Aubrey, Jennifer L.; Bonito, Joseph A. (The University of Arizona., 2018)

  Reality shows remain a prominent genre of today’s media culture. More importantly, plot lines tend to be dominated by interpersonal relationship trajectories, which often include conflict such as relational aggression (Coyne, Robins, & Nelson, 2010). When relational aggression is included in analyses that compare the content of scripted and reality shows, researchers find that aggression is more likely to occur in reality shows than scripted shows (Coyne et al., 2010). Furthermore, reality shows are often described as “unscripted,” portraying “real” people during their “ordinary” days (Riddle & De Simone, 2013). Relational aggression is link to physical violence and other poor social and psychological effects (e.g., Caetano, Vaeth, & Ramisetty-Mikler, 2008; Linder, Crick, & Collins, 2002) and, therefore, needs better understanding. Therefore, the present study’s theoretical foundation in cultivation theory, theory of reasoned action, social cognitive theory, and social comparison theory sought to understand how reality shows influence adult viewers and their perceptions and behaviors within romantic relationships. Four-week longitudinal data from 117 dyads was analyzed for potential media effects and how those effects could influence relational aggression within relationships and relational quality. The results suggest minimal media effects but do support negative longitudinal effects of relational aggression on relational quality. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
• 

  An analysis of sociodemographic and health-related variables related to occurrence and treatment outcome in Mexican American and non-Hispanic white clients diagnosed with alcohol-related disorders

  Reed, Pamela; Garduño, Rosemarie; Glittenberg, Jody; Colbert, Lucy (The University of Arizona., 1995)

  This study analyzed sociodemographic and health-related variables related to occurrence and treatment outcome in Mexican American and non-Hispanic white clients diagnosed with alcohol-related disorders. A sample of 551 clients diagnosed with alcohol abuse and dependence in a community treatment center were analyzed in the context of three research questions. Demographic and treatment outcome comparisons were made between two prominent ethnic groups--Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. A demographic and health risk profile was derived utilizing standard statistical methods. The findings of the study suggest that Mexican Americans differ from non-Hispanic whites in various demographic characteristics and treatment outcome variables. However, considerable cross-cultural complexity exists such that more refined comparisons are essential in order to derive meaningful program design and clinical treatment strategies.
• 

  Error-Related Theta Dynamics and Single-Trial Cognitive Control in Sports-Related Concussion

  Allen, John JB; Smith, Ezra; Sbarra, Dave; Grilli, Matt; Ryan, Lee (The University of Arizona., 2018)

  Athletes in contact sports can sustain concussions that damage brain circuits important for cognitive control of behavior. When healthy participants err, a cascade of neural dynamics is apparent across the scalp, and this neural activity predicts participants’ learning from mistakes and inhibiting future responses. Theta dynamics are especially important in terms of error-related brain activity: increases in theta power, and increased connectivity between brain regions is mediated by synchronous theta rhythms. Previous investigations of error-related brain activity have noted decreases in neural responses in concussed athletes, but these previous studies used techniques that are less-than-optimal for examining theta-dynamics and cognitive control specifically. This study focused on changes in theta oscillatory dynamics important for cognitive control in athletes with concussion/mTBI. In Study 1, between–subjects analyses revealed that injured athletes were characterized by attenuated mPFC-lPFC connectivity and cognitive control compared to healthy athletes. In Study 2a, within-subjects analyses revealed that a season of rugby play resulted in an attenuation of connectivity; Study 2b demonstrated that connectivity and cognitive control measures were sensitive to effects of acute concussion at a single-subject level. Results imply that measures of connectivity and cognitive control may be a useful measure to track recovery from concussion and inform return-to-play or discontinuation decisions. Theoretically-relevant neuroscientific findings in healthy adults may have translational applications in patient populations, especially in regard to monitoring brain health.