Siting an astronomical observatory in an environmentally sensitive area: A multiple criteria location analysis

Abstract

Mount Graham, in Southern Arizona supports valuable, ecological communities and at least one endangered species, the Mt. Graham red squirrel. The area is managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Elevation, dryness, sky clarity and freedom from light pollution at Mt. Graham make it a desirable site for astronomy. The University of Arizona presented a proposal to the Forest Service for the development of a multi-telescope observatory on the mountain. This has generated much controversy due to the opposition of environmentalists who fear the potential impacts of development on the mountain. Eleven potential sites for astrophysical development have been identified, with varying impacts on the ecosystem. They are ranked according to their suitability for development, using multiple criteria decision making techniques. The results are very consistent and robust, both within and across techniques and can be useful for decision support and conflict management purposes.