Impacts of a prorate suspension on marketing margins for California-Arizona navel oranges
Issue Date
1988Keywords
Oranges -- California -- Marketing.Oranges -- Arizona -- Marketing.
Oranges -- Prices -- California.
Oranges -- Prices -- Arizona.
Advisor
Thompson, GaryMetadata
Show full item recordPublisher
The University of Arizona.Rights
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.Abstract
In January, 1985, the rate-of-flow controls ("prorate") for the California-Arizona navel orange industry were suspended for half of the marketing season. This marked the first time in 32 consecutive years that the industry operated without market controls. This study compares the behavior of industry marketing margins during the deregulated period with that of regulated seasons in order to assess the impacts of the prorate suspension on the marketing system. Econometric results indicate that relative to subsequent regulated seasons, marketing margins contracted during the prorate suspension period. This implies that despite deregulation, the agricultural marketing sector was unable to exercise market power and maintain retail orange prices high while depressing grower prices, as some growers claimed. In addition, the results suggest that shortrun distributor reaction to a permanent termination of marketing order controls would result in changes in marketing system behavior which would be favorable to consumers.Type
textThesis-Reproduction (electronic)
Degree Name
M.S.Degree Level
mastersDegree Program
Graduate CollegeAgricultural Economics
Degree Grantor
University of ArizonaCollections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Foliar applications of Lo-Biuret Urea and Potassium Phosphite to Navel Orange trees(College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003)This experiment was established in January 2000 in a block of ‘Washington’ navel orange trees at Verde Growers, Stanfield, AZ. Treatments included: normal grower practice, winter low biuret (LB) urea application, summer LB urea application, winter LB urea application plus winter and spring potassium phosphite, winter LB urea application plus summer potassium phosphite, and normal grower practice plus spring potassium phosphite. Each treatment was applied to approximately four acres of trees. For 2000-01, yields ranged from 40 to 45 lbs. per tree, and there was no effect of treatments upon total yield, and only slight effect upon fruit size, grade and quality. For 2001-02, there was a slight effect of treatment upon yield as LB urea led to improved yield, while potassium phosphite led to reduced yield. Normal grower practice was intermediate between these two extremes. For 2002-03, we noted a large increase in yield, however the yield data was lost when the block was inadvertently harvested.
-
PRODUCTION OF WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE IN A DESERT CLIMATE.(The University of Arizona., 1984)Yields of Washington Navel orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] under Arizona desert conditions are low, due mostly to a low number of harvested fruit and secondly to small sized fruits. To determine at which development stage yield reduction occurred, flowering branches were tagged at mid-bloom and the leaves and flowers were counted. The percent flowers shed at certain times was then recorded. In addition, 27 years yield data for the Arizona-California and Central California production regions were examined in relation to temperature and relative humidity to identify factors causing low yields in the desert climate. It was found that a low number of fruit was due to a low percentage fruit set, while fruit shedding during June drop contributed somewhat less to reducing the number of harvested fruits. A lower percentage of fruits were lost from Arizona Navel orange trees during and after June drop than reported for trees in Florida and California. This resulted in a higher percentage of initial flowers becoming mature fruit, even though there were fewer harvested fruits per tree in Arizona. It was concluded that Navel orange trees growing in Arizona have relatively fewer flowering branches. A correlation between yields and temperatures for 27 years showed that mean and maximum temperatures during the period from June prior to flowering through June after flowering had a highly significant, adverse effect on yields of Arizona grown trees, but not on yields of California grown trees. Relative humidity had no observable effect on yield. In addition, low yields of Navel orange trees in Arizona was disassociated with soil salinity. Low leaf to flower ratios (L/F) had a significant effect on fruit set only if L/F was 1.0 or less. However, the effects of L/F were insignificant to the number of harvested fruits. Foliar applications of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) for two successive years significantly increased yield. Gibberellic acid (GA₃) did not increase fruit set and harvested yields. Benzyladenine (BA) combined with overhead sprinklers failed to reduce the number of fruit shed during June drop. Transpiration and photosynthesis rates for both Navel and Valencia orange trees were low under Arizona conditions.
-
The Orange Proletariat: Social Relations in the Pais Valenciano, 1860-1939(The University of Arizona., 2008)This dissertation examines the formation of an agro-industrial working class within the citrus industry of Valencia, Spain. In a region that was historically defined by intensive agricultural production for market, the citrus industry in Valencia became the dominant economic sector in the decades prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Its workers, straddling the agricultural and the industrial, the rural and the urban, entered into a socio-economic relationship with the rural bourgeoisie in charge of the industry. This relationship was administered through the formation of jurados mixtos (mixed commissions), associations, and citrus cooperatives that directed the harvest, worked out export contracts, began irrigation projects, and organized labor. World War I produced a crisis within the industry due to the collapse of export markets and the lack of available shipping. Workers and small farmers suffered the brunt of the effects, and as a result, their relationships with the bourgeoisie began to break down. By the declaration of the Second Republic in 1931, workers and farmers had become far more politicized and dissatisfied. As landowners and commercial agents fled Valencia after the outbreak of war in 1936, workers and smallholders banded together in collectives, based on the established tradition of cooperation, to preserve the harvest and direct orange exports, the profits of which were increasingly important in the face of prolonged conflict.I rely heavily on documentary evidence from local journals and newspapers, political organizations, contemporary photographs, and local associations. Utilizing gender and labor theory and theories from cultural studies, I show the process of proletarianization through an examination of the labor culture within Valencia in order to complicate our categories of agricultural and industrial work and how the people of Valencia created a regional identity based on orange production.
