A quantitative figure-of-merit approach for optimization of an unmanned Mars Sample Return mission

Abstract

The concept of a Figure-of-Merit (FoM) is developed to assess specific mission designs. The variables for a mission plan are so numerous and interdependent that a single parameter cannot accurately represent the overall design performance. The introduction of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and the use of advanced modular engines further complicate the problem. For these reasons, the FoM approach has been proposed to provide a more comprehensive look at the overall picture. The analysis encompasses the important design parameters in addition to the less tangible aspects such as long-term effects, reliability and reparability of the hardware, and the risks that are inevitably associated with new technologies. FoM's have been examined in detail for historical missions and for a proposed Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. Results are presented for a conventional MSR mission along with missions incorporating ISRU and modular engines for comparison. It is concluded that this quantitative FoM approach may well become a key tool in the analysis and design of future space missions.