An English translation of General Qi Jiguang's "Quanjing Jieyao Pian" (Chapter on the Fist Canon and the Essentials of Nimbleness) from the "Jixiao Xinshu" (New Treatise on Disciplined Service)

Abstract

Qi Jiguang is recognized as one of the most successful generals of the Ming dynasty. Noted for his severe discipline and intense training, Qi led an army comprised of uniformed regulars and civilian auxiliaries against Japanese pirates in Zejiang province. His unprecedented victories earned Qi a reputation as a training expert. He composed his first military treatise, the Jixiao Xinshu (New Treatise on Disciplined Service) in 1560 while serving in Zejiang. The text discusses command and control, tactics, and training. Chapter 14, the "Quanjing Jieyao Pian" (Chapter on the Fist Canon and the Essentials of Nimbleness), endorses unarmed combat exercises as physical training for troops. No literary precedent for such a work has been discovered. Historical evidence suggests, however, that pre-Ming armies have used some forms of martial arts in training or demonstrations. Also, similarities between the "Quanjing" and modern taijiquan raise questions about a possible common martial arts heritage.