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    Chemical investigations of South American plants: Applications to drug discovery, biodiversity conservation and economic development

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    Author
    Caldwell, Colby G.
    Issue Date
    2000
    Keywords
    Chemistry, Organic.
    Chemistry, Pharmaceutical.
    Advisor
    Timmermann, Barbara N.
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    This dissertation describes chemical investigations involving 11 Argentinean plant species and a sample of Chilean propolis. In total, 18 known and four novel compounds were isolated and identified. The compounds were tested in various antimicrobial assays. Three novel triterpenes, 3,4- seco-olean-12-en-3,28-dioic acid (4), 3alpha,-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13 beta-olide (5), and 3alpha-hydroxyolean-11:13(18)-dien-28-oic acid ( 6) were isolated from the aerial parts of the Argentinean shrub, Junellia tridens (Lag.) Mold. (Verbenaceae). Another five compounds, oleanolic acid (1), oleanonic acid (2) and epioleanolic acid (3), all biosynthetically related to the three new oleananes, as well as epibetulinic acid (7) and sitosterol (8), were also isolated. LC-MS data are provided on the occurrence of these triterpenes in six other species of Junellia. We report the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of compounds 1--8 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and conclude that they are responsible for the antitubercular activity originally observed in the crude plant extract. Four other plants showing preliminary antitubercular activity were also investigated. The EtOAc extracts of Acantholippia seriphioides and Adesmia ameghinoi contained oleanolic acid (1) as their main constituent. The organic soluble portions of Chiliotrichium diffusum and Lathyrus magellanicus contained large amounts of ursolic acid (12) and sitosterol (8), respectively. Bioassay of the predominant compounds in these plants indicated that triterpenes were responsible for the antitubercular activity observed in the crude extracts. Fractionation of propolis (a product of honey beehives) from Colliguay in Central Chile led to the isolation, identification and bioassay of a novel gamma-lactone (14), five flavonoids (15--19), two diarylheptanoids (20--21), and a prenylated coumarin (22). All structures were elucidated primarily by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Based on the traditional use of propolis as an antimicrobial agent, the bioactivity of the purified compounds was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans . Microscopic analysis of pollen present in the propolis provided clues to its botanical origins.
    Type
    text
    Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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