The role of expectancies in smoking behavior in middle school and high school: An adaptation and extension of the theory of planned behavior
Publisher
The University of Arizona.Rights
Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.Abstract
This study focuses on the utility of the expectancy construct in the prediction of adolescent cigarette smoking within the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), based on recommendations by Marlatt (1985). Specifically, positive and negative smoking expectancies were hypothesized to moderate the relationships of social norms and self-efficacy with smoking intentions and, and for self-efficacy only, smoking behavior. Factor analysis assessed the discriminant validity of the measures. Using multiple regression analyses, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire data from 25,868 sixth through twelfth grade students were used to test the hypotheses. Consistent support was found for the additive effects predicting intentions to smoke and daily smoking. For the interactive effects, moderate support was found predicting intentions, but not daily smoking. Likewise, moderate support was found for school level and smoking status differences in these relationships. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and prevention implications regarding the role and etiology of expectancies within the theory of planned behavior, social cognitive theory, and previous conceptualizations of risk and protective interactive effects.Type
textDissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
Degree Name
Ph.D.Degree Level
doctoralDegree Program
Graduate CollegeFamily and Consumer Sciences