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    The effects of aging and cognitive performance on patterns of neural activity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging

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    Author
    Johnson, Jennifer Lee
    Issue Date
    2004
    Keywords
    Biology, Neuroscience.
    Psychology, Psychobiology.
    Psychology, Cognitive.
    Advisor
    Ryan, Lee
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has shown that older adults activated bilateral frontal regions during tasks in which young adults had unilateral frontal activation (Cabeza, 2001). It has been suggested that older adults recruit bilateral frontal regions to compensate for declining brain function in other regions (Cabeza, Anderson, Locantore, and McIntosh, 2002). The primary aim of the current study was to determine how bilateral activation patterns observed in the frontal lobe during encoding and recognition were related to both cognitive performance of older adults and to function in other brain regions. Thirty-five older adults and 9 young adults completed an encoding and recognition task during fMRI scanning. During the encoding scans participants determined whether presented words were "natural" or "man made" objects. During the recognition scans, participants made "old/new" judgments for each word presented. Four sets of bilateral regions of interest (ROI) were defined from an overlap image of all participants' fMRI data: (1) right and left frontal cortex, (2) right and left medial temporal lobe, (3) right and left parietal lobe, and (4) right and left lateral temporal lobe. On a separate day participants completed a neuropsychological testing session that included a series of tests that had been previously used to characterize older adults in two cognitive domains, frontal (FL) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) function (Glisky, Polster & Routhieaux, 1995; Glisky, Rubin & Davidson, 2001). Consistent with the previous research, older adults showed greater bilateral fMRI activation in the frontal lobes during encoding than young adults. However, bilateral activation in the frontal lobes during encoding was associated with two different activation patterns: (1) when MTL activation was present, bilateral frontal activation was observed in older adults with high FL factor scores; (2) when the MTL was not active, bilateral frontal activation was found in older adults with low MTL factor scores. Older adults with high FL factor scores but who did not activate MTL had left lateralized frontal activation. Importantly, older adults with and without MTL activation did not differ in recognition performance scores, or factor scores.
    Type
    text
    Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Psychology
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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