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    Adherence to highly-active antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected veterans

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    Author
    Mohler, Martha Jane
    Issue Date
    1999
    Keywords
    Health Sciences, Public Health.
    Health Sciences, Immunology.
    Advisor
    Lebowitz, Michael D.
    
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    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Objective. To describe patient variables associated with adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) in the Tucson VA HIV Clinic. Methods. A cross-sectional study of sixty-seven HIV-infected veterans on HAART regimens (two protease inhibitors or three or more antiretroviral medications) examined theorized patient, patient-provider and regimen predictors related to: HIV RNA viral load, one-month monitored adherence of one antiretroviral medication within the HAART regimen via Medication Event Monitoring System cap percent therapeutic coverage (%TC-ADH), and self-reported adherence (SR-ADH). Sixty-seven subjects completed self-report, and sixty MEMS Cap data. Results. Subjects were male, white (78%), gay (54%) and/or intravenous drug using (31%), and educated (70% completed high school). Forty-three percent had an AIDS diagnosis, and antiretroviral history averaged five years. Thirty-five of sixty-seven (52%) had an HIV RNA ≤50 copies (undetectable). Forty-one of sixty (68%) had %TC-ADH ≥90%, and 41/67 (62%) had 100% SR-ADH over the previous 7 days. %TC-ADH and SR-ADH were correlated (r = .56 p < .0001). SR-ADH ≥90% was associated with an undetectable viral load (OR 3.3, CI 1.2-9.2). There was a trend toward an association between MEMS-ADH as a continuous variable and log viral load (P = 0.074). %TC-ADH ≥90% was not associated with viral suppression (OR 1.2, CI .39-3.5). Disruption of pilltaking by activities of daily living was associated with a six-fold increased risk of viral load >50 copies (OR 5.9, CI 1.4-24.8). Belief in one's ability to take medication as ordered (OR 32 CI 4.4-234) was highly associated with SR-ADH ≥90%. Employment was associated with lower odds of SR-ADH ≥90% (OR 0.12, CI .02-.67). Non-white subjects had lower odds of %TC-ADH ≥90% (OR 0.18, CI .04-.93). A 10-point higher score on the HIV-MOS energy/fatigue scale (OR 1.46, CI 1.04-2.4), and belief in ability to take medication as ordered (OR 2.5, CI 1.20-5.0), were associated with greater odds of %TC-ADH ≥90%. Conclusions. SR-ADH was associated with HIV RNA viral load. Less than 62% of patients adhered at ≥90% based upon SR and %TC-ADH. Disruption of medication-taking by activities of daily living, and poor self-efficacy may negatively affect adherence. Assessment of patient beliefs in their ability to take medications as ordered may be a clinically useful adherence screening question.
    Type
    text
    Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Epidemiology
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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