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    Monosporascus cannonballus-melon pathosystem: Mechanism of vine decline, phenotypic characterization and mycelial incompatibility, and ascospore germination and sources of resistance

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    Author
    Alcantara, Tito Plata, 1963-
    Issue Date
    1998
    Keywords
    Biology, Botany.
    Agriculture, Plant Pathology.
    Advisor
    Stanghellini, Michael
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker, a soilborne root-infecting ascomycete, an economically important pathogen of melons (Cucumis melo L.) and watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.). The fungus causes root rot and/or vine decline in different geographical areas worldwide. Little is known about the biology of this fungus and the mechanism by which the pathogen induces wilting of infected plants. This dissertation focuses on the biology, epidemiology, and etiology, as well as management strategies of both the pathogen and the disease. Microscopic examination of the xylem vessels of wilted plants revealed heavy occlusion by tyloses. Measurement of hydraulic conductivity indicated a 20-fold reduction in flow rate of plugged vessels, suggesting that tyloses contribute to the rapidity of vine decline in infected plants. The onset of symptoms coincide with high soil temperatures (25°C and above) and although vine decline occurs late in the growing season (i.e. generally two weeks before harvest), plants could be infected as early as nine days after planting. This dissertation also reports for the first time the existence of strains of M. cannonballus. Phenotypic differences such as cultural characteristics and growth rate were observed among the isolates and results indicate that genetically isolated strains, based on mycelial incompatibility, exist within M. cannonballus. Furthermore, local field populations of M. cannonballus can be heterogenous according to the number of mycelial compatibility groups identified. Ascospores of M. cannonballus germinate only in the rhizosphere/rhizoplane of melon and watermelon hosts in five soil. This result suggests a very limited host range of ascospore germination of M. cannonballus. Finally, field tolerance against M. cannonballus exists among cantaloupe cultivars and breeding lines. This will facilitate breeding for resistance within the cantaloupe type of melon. The knowledge derived from these studies contribute to our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of M. cannonballus and will serve as the basis for control or management of vine decline in the future.
    Type
    text
    Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Plant Diseases
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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