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    The mechanism of action of the anticancer effects of selenomethionine on colon cancer

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    Author
    Baines, Antonio Thomas
    Issue Date
    2001
    Keywords
    Health Sciences, Pharmacology.
    Psychology, Physiological.
    Advisor
    Nelson, Mark A.
    
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    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Selenomethionine, an organic derivative of selenium, has been found to be the predominate selenium component of the dietary cancer chemopreventive agent selenized yeast that has been shown to decrease the incidence and mortality rate of lung, colon, and prostate cancers. Another organic selenium derivative found in the selenized yeast is Se-methylselenocysteine. However, the mechanism of action of the anti-cancer effects of these selenium compounds has yet to be identified. To evaluate the effects of these compounds on growth of the cancer cell types mentioned earlier, various cancer cell lines were treated with either compound. Both selenium compounds were able to induce growth inhibition and alterations in the cell cycle, with selenomethionine being the most potent. Previously, our laboratory has shown that treating cancer cells with selenomethionine depleted polyamines. Polyamines are cations that are needed for various roles in growth and proliferation. To extend these findings to an in vivo model, we gave selenomethionine in the diet (1ppm and 2ppm) for 16 weeks to male F344 rats in the azoxymethane (AOM) rat colon carcinogenesis model. The results showed no significant changes in colonic polyamine levels, however, there were significant changes in the development of microadenomas between control and treated groups. Selenomethionine was able to decrease the promotional effects of colon carcinogenesis through a polyamine-independent mechanism. Next, we tested the hypothesis that selenomethionine might affect cell growth by mechanisms involving cyclooxygenases, specifically the inducible isoform COX-2. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are enzymes that metabolize arachidonic acid to various prostaglandins. The human adenocarcinoma cell lines HT-29 and HCA-7, that express variable levels of COX-2, were treated for up to 6 days with selenomethionine. Selenomethionine induced growth inhibition in both cell lines and decreased COX-2 protein expression in the treated groups. Also, prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels were decreased in both treated groups at the latter timepoints. The HCA-7 cell line had a dose and time-dependent decrease in RNA levels treated with selenomethionine, whereas, no effects were observed on RNA expression of the HT-29 cell line. In summary, selenomethionine has chemopreventive effects in colon carcinogenesis by potentially modulating COX-2 proteins in cancer cells.
    Type
    text
    Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Pharmacology & Toxicology
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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