Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, Volume 09 (1979)
ABOUT THE COLLECTION
Proceedings of the Hydrology section of the Annual Meeting of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. Full text manuscripts of work presented. Research related to water resources, water management, and hydrologic studies primarily focused regionally on southwestern US.
Volume 9. Proceedings of the 1979 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona - Nevada Academy of Science.
April 13, 1979, Tempe, Arizona
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Recent Submissions
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Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, Volume 09 (1979)Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1979-04-13
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The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Residential Water Use: A Cross-Section Time-Series Analysis of Tucson, ArizonaThe impact of a selected set of socioeconomic variables on residential water consumption per household is examined using a combined cross-section time-series analysis by census tract for Tucson, Arizona for 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977. The estimated income elasticity of demand for water is .23, which means that a 10-percent increase in income produces a 2.3 percent increase in water use. Additionally, the number of persons per household and the percent of households with head age 65 or more also are shown to have a strong positive relationship to water use. New residential units are shown to have a strong tendency to utilize less water than older units, presumable because of a shift away from water using yards. Both Black and Spanish-surnamed dominated areas tend to consume a lower than expected amount of water for their income and family size characteristics, but the coefficients on these variables are not sufficiently strong to accept this relationship.
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Central Arizona Project Concept of OperationThe Central Arizona Project (CAP), presently under construction, will convey Arizona's remaining entitlement of Colorado River water to three central Arizona counties. As a result of the recently completed CAP Real-Time Operations Study, a concept of operation has been developed. The concept of operations defines three types of operation beginning with an initial manned operation in 1985, a transition operation, and a permanent operation using a computer assisted remote control system. Under the permanent operation, computer models will be run in advance to define weekly and daily pumping plant and check gate schedules.
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Land Use Planning for the San Tiburcio WatershedLand use planning, within the context of socio-economic development, is characterized by many conflicting objectives. This paper defines ojectives for the San Tiburcio watershed in northern Mexico. A mixed multiobjective programming model is developed. The model serves as an aid to a group of decision makers in choosing a "satisficing" feasible set of non-mutually exclusive land use alternatives. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible solution techniques.
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An Examination of the Buckhorn-Mesa Watersheds Environmental Impact Statement (U.S.D.A., S.C.S., 1978): A Look at State-of-the-Art ReportsThe National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 was written with the intent of fostering a spirit of harmony in the day to day operations of Federal agencies with the environmental concerns voiced by the general populace. To examine how Federal agencies have assimilated E.I.S. procedures and guidelines a typical report was reviewed. In general, compliance with environmental law and procedural guidelines was found to be adequate. In some ways, particularly in assessment of Cultural Resource Impact, the statement was exceptional in its evaluation. However, the sections of the report detailing the benefits and costs of the alternatives was not up to the standards expected in an E.I.S. Because the benefits and costs were not calculated in consistent units and the no action alternative was not adequately examined, the entire alternatives section is called to question. By re-evaluating the data provided in the E.I.S. in consistent units, it was found that the alternative selected had neither the highest benefit/ cost ratio nor the lowest environmental impact. It is concluded that alternatives should be as fully evaluated as the project itself in order to integrate environmental considerations into the overall planning process.
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Visual Impacts: Perception and Modification of Surface Mining Operations on the Black MesaScientists and industrialists are now seeking from their reclamation brethren an explanation of the new criteria and standards which will enable all of us to recognize a visually reclaimed site when we see one. To do so may require more of the viewer than the ability to perceive visually. One must understand the larger game in which reclamation is played.
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Hydrologic Investigation of the Dry Lake Region in East Central ArizonaThe Dry Lake Region is located in Navajo County, Arizona, near the southern margin of the Colorado Plateau. The region's internal drainage basin of 160 mi2 is further augmented by 50 mi² of the Phoenix Park Wash drainage. The dominate surface water inflow to the playa is the 12 to 13 MGD of paper pulp mill effluent from Southwest Forest Industries near Snowflake, Arizona. As a result, the playa surface water is now covering several thousand acres. Dry Lake water quality is relatively poor by Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) drinking water standards. Ground water in the region is produced from the Coconino Aquifer which is comprised of the Coconino Sandstone and the Kaibab Limestone. The depth to ground water is 400 feet with a saturated zone 100-175 feet thick. Wells in the region yield from 0 to 500 gpm. The presence of the Holbrook Anticline and the Dry Lake Syncline influence both ground water flow direction and artesian conditions. There is concern that the playa may not be suited as an evaporative disposal basin because of the potential influence that karst topography and linear surface features may have on the water balance of the region.
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Health Effect of Application of Wastewater to LandThere is a renewed interest in land application of treated effluent in both the states of Arizona and Nevada. Conservation of water and energy can be obtained by this treatment method. Data generated by the design engineer includes health effects related to heavy metals, bacteria, and aerosal spray. Examples of recent nuisance and consequences are noted. The application of this practice requires a case by case engineering and management analysis.
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Tests on Arizona's New Flood EstimatesA method for estimating regional flood frequency was prepared by R. H. Roeske of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1978 for the Arizona Department of Transportation. Hydrologists may wish to use these regression equations for estimating flood peaks or for other purposes in development or flood control engineering. Many of those needs are for watersheds smaller than 10 sq. mi., however, for which USGS measurements are scarce. Records from two groups of small experimental watersheds near Tombstone and Flagstaff, one gaged by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Science and Education Administration and the other by the Forest Service, were used to independently evaluate the generalized Arizona relationships in specific applications to small watershed work. The new design floods for each experimental watershed were compared with estimates made using the USGS equation for two of the six flood frequency regions (FFR) in Arizona. The study showed that use of the generalized regional curve may underestimate flood peaks. Deviations from the curve can be caused by land use changes, differences in analytical methods, and use of short records.