Case Studies of Elementary Schools in San Diego County Implementing Quality Physical Education and Other Physical Activity Programs

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and physical inactivity continues to threaten the health of our nation's youth. Schools provide the opportunity for children to accumulate physical activity and can become proactive in promoting healthy behavior. This study features the practices of three public elementary schools in San Diego County that are implementing quality physical education and other types of physical activity programs to improve the wellbeing of their student population. Elementary schools were purposefully selected and observed over the school year. Direct observation tools were used to measure physical activity levels and semi-structured interviews were conducted with school administrators, teachers, and community members. Documentation along with photographs related to the school environment and physical activity programs were collected as supportive records. Key themes emerged after data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for patterns and themes. Five common themes emerged: 1) Having administrators and educators who valued physical education and physical activity and were leaders and champions for student wellness; 2) Having involved parents and established community partnerships to support and sustain programs through monetary contributions, donations, and volunteer time; 3) Implementing programs which promoted cooperation and personal responsibility; 4) Offering physical education instruction that actively engaged students; 5) Having levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity that varied among grade levels and gender. Public health and education must share the responsibility for teaching students and family's important techniques for adopting and maintaining healthy practices. The findings from this study have implications for educators and administrators trying to increase opportunities for physical education and physical activity with limited resources and competing academic priorities. The collective practices of the three elementary schools will inform school administrators, enhance teaching strategies, and influence physical activity policies and practices among individuals seeking to advance student wellness.