The emplacement and crystallization of the cornelia pluton, Ajo, Arizona: an analysis based on the compositional zoning of plagioclase and field relations

Abstract

The Cornelia Pluton was previously found to have been faulted in two (Gilluly, 1946). The downthrown apex is host to a copper ore-body, and the upthrown block represents a vertical cross-section of the igneous system. Field work confirmed the character of the relationship between three texturally-distinct quartz monzonites described by Wadsworth (1968). Plagioclase crystals were chosen from all the phases, including previously undescribed hydrothermal rocks, and analyzed with a microprobe. Graphs of anorthite content versus radial distance revealed systematic patterns of compositional variation, analysis of which yielded a consistent, time-dependent model for the emplacement and crystallization of the system. The granodiorite resulted from an earlier intrusive event. The quartz monzonites crystallized initially downward from the system's roof, and, subsequently, upward from the floor. Saturation of the remaining pocket(s) of magma led to the development of an inner fine-grained phase, and possibly, the evolution of hydrothermal fluids. The genetic connection between these fluids and eventual mineralization of the cupola is suggested.