RSS 1.0International Telemetering Conference Proceedings, Volume 21 (1985)
ABOUT THE COLLECTION
The International Telemetering Conference/USA (ITC/USA) is dedicated to the promotion and stimulation of technical growth in telemetering and its allied arts and sciences. It is the premier annual forum and technical exhibition providing telemetry specific short courses, technical papers from professionals and students, and exhibits of the industry’s leading companies. ITC/USA is sponsored by the International Foundation for Telemetering (IFT), a non-profit corporation dedicated to serving the technical and professional interests of the telemetering community.
This collection contains the proceedings of the twenty-first International Telemetering Conference, October 28-31, 1985. The conference, sponsored by the International Foundation for Telemetering, was held at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.
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Recent Submissions
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings, Volume 21 (1985)International Foundation for Telemetering, 1985-10
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Twenty-Fourth Annual Report of the Telemetering Standards Coordination CommitteeThe Telemetering Standards Coordination Committee (TSCC) is chartered to serve as a local point to represent the Telemetering Community. It serves to: a) receive, coordinate and disseminate information and b) recommend and endorse standards, methods and procedures to users, manufactures and supporting agencies.
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VISUAL PERCEPTION AND AI: AN ARTIST’S VIEWThe creative process of the visual artist is an untapped source of knowledge-based systems which can extend the capabilities of AI in understanding how to develop new algorithms for space perception, pattern recognition, and data compression. This report focuses on the artist’s analysis of the multi-dimensional levels of unconscious, visual ideation which precede the conscious level of symbolic coding. interaction of all the senses is examined, as are the functions of gravity and time as the fundamental reference points for pattern recognition. An exercise in ‘Image Evoking’ is described. Recommendations are given for applications to future research in AI.
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QUATERNARY SHIFT REGISTER AND ITS APPLICATION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGThis paper will describe the design of a quaternary memory cell and a quaternary shift register. The concept used here is based on multiple-valued logic algebra, which can be extended to a design of other high radix memory cells and high radix shift registers. A comparison of the quaternary memory cell and quaternary shift register with its binary counterpart will be discussed. The reduction of device counts and interconnections in quaternary systems promisses a good future in digital signal processing and communication network design realized by VLSI technology.
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APPLICATION OF TERNARY LOGIC AND DELTA MODULATION IN DIGITAL FILTER REALIZATIONA new realization of non-recursive digital filters using operation on ternary delta modulated signal is proposed. Direct operation on ternary delta modulated signal will be derived mathematically and a hardware implementation of ternary arithmetic operation will be shown. The primary advantage of the ternary scheme is the simplicity of the hardware and reduction in connections and interconnections between chips and interchips. The results show the possibility of applying ternary arithmetic operation in variety of areas including VLSI environment.
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VLSI ORIENTED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND SOME APPLICATIONSThe paper surveys the particular problems, arising in the architectural design of computing systems, realized on VLSI chips. Particular difficulties due to limited on-chip density and power dissipation are discussed. The difficulties of the realization of on-chip communications between various subsystems (between themselves and between other offchip systems) are stressed. A number of design principles for the realization of on-chip communication paths is presented. Two design philosophies for the instruction set design in a VLSI environment are brought up: (a) The large microcoded instruction set, (b) The Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) approach, based on the Streamlined Instruction Set Design. A survey of the author’s research group work in this area is presented. This includes the ZT-1 single chip microcomputer, RISC computing space studies, applications to a distributed traffic control and a la rge scale, reconfigurable communications system.
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EFFECT OF CLOCK JITTERS ON BIT ERROR RATEIn this paper we have formulated a method of analysing the effect of clock jitters, which, even with the monomode optical fiber avaiable today, is still there to limit the operational distance of a digital fiber optic system. The main intention is to compare the system performance of a conventional binary system with that of a newly developed four-level pulse width modulation (PWM) system. Calculated results show an improvement in combatting clock jitters when using the four-level PWM system.
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MULTIVARIATE SYSTEMS ANALYSISIn many engineering applications, a systems analysis is performed to study the effects of random error propagation throughout a system. Often these errors are not independent, and have joint behavior characterized by arbitrary covariance structure. The multivariate nature of such problems is compounded in complex systems, where overall system performance is described by a q-dimensional random vector. To address this problem, a computer program was developed which generates Taylor series approximations for multivariate system performance in the presence of random component variablilty. A summary of an application of this approach is given in which an analysis was performed to assess simultaneous design margins and to ensure optimal component selection.
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SYSTEM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION UNDER SIMULATED LINK ERROR CONDITIONSThis paper is concerned with the concept and development of cost effective methods for determining sensor-to-user system performance under simulated real world conditions. Many system elements involved in the digital pre- and post- processing functions found in telemetry systems are designed to operate primarily on error free data. The presence of bit errors drastically alters the performance of these elements: data compressors pass noise, E.U. converters produce subtle and wild data variations, and embedded voice channels become overly noisy. This paper identifies the digital areas affected by noise in modern systems, categorizes their susceptability, and suggests laboratory simulation techniques that may identify problems prior to mission data flow.
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ROTATING AERODYNAMIC- EXCITERS for in-flight flutter testingTelemetering, as used in in-flight testing, has several advantages including that of allowing what is known as real-time utilization; and thereby, in certain specific cases, the continuation of the flight programme in terms of the results obtained therein. This feature is especially attractive during the opening of the aircraft’s flutter envelope. It then becomes a matter of experimentally determining the aircraft’s aeroelastic stability throughout its flight envelope, and specifically at high speeds. In this connection, it’s common knowledge that in excess of a certain so-called critical speed, two or more vibratory modes of the structure can become coupled via the aerodynamic forces they respectively generate; and can lead to diverging oscillation liable to cause vibration failure. It’s easy to see that such a critical speed must be well within the permitted aircraft operation envelope and that approaching it during in-flight testing should only be considered with a certain amount of prudence and subject to strict monitoring of the structure’s behaviour. The most widely used monitoring system is to measure the transfer function relating an alternating force applied to the aircraft structure in flight to the displacements it causes at different points of that structure (figure 1). Progress in the flight envelope is made in speed steps, any variations in this transfer function being monitored between steps, and usually being reflected in terms of vibration frequencies and damping. Using telemetering, as in conducting these tests, is beneficial in several respects (figure 2). First it allows instant visual monitoring of the structure’s behaviour at its most significant points (rudders, bearing surface ends) by a team conveniently arranged on the ground. Then, further to a preliminary processing operation occurring in real-time, the test can be validated by merely observing the spectrums and the coherence functions existing between the forces applied and the structure’s response; a poor quality test, either due to a mismatched excitation or to the unexpected effect of an atmospheric turbulence, can be rerun without waiting for the aircraft to land. Finally, if adequate computing facilities are available, a comprehensive utilization of the values measured and their identification with a theoretical model lets the structure’s general behaviour be compared with the estimated figures, and thereby lets the aircraft resume the same test sequence at a higher speed or Mach number. The accuracy of the result and the speed at which it is obtained, so essential to the safe resumption of the flight, primarily depend on the extent and on the adequacy of the available information on the artificially applied forces. The design of “exciters” capable of creating controlled and measurable forces of an adequate level is thus the most vital constraint of the flutter testing facility.
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FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS TYPE AIRBORNE TRANSMITTERSAfter a brief glimpse of the composition of a modern airborne transmitter, a reminder is given of how the choice of a servoed carrier scheme after frequency division on a quartz crystal reference, favoring transmissions at high data speed, has opened up the way to a whole generation of frequency synthesis transmitters covering the 2.1 - 2.7 GHz band in sub-bands of 150 MHz with a pitch of 0.5 MHz. The advantages of frequency synthesis from the quadruple aspect of maintenance, availability “on the shelf”, flexible use in a congested frequency plan and discretion, are then commented on. Finally, in a last section - more theoretical than the previous ones - the technical difficulties which arise from the “spirit” of frequency synthesis are referred to.
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Flight Test Instrumentation System FTIS for Type-Certification of the Indonesian Aircraft CN 235Certification of an Aircraft necessitates ample instrumentation equipment to get all the data needed. The Flight Test Instrumentation System for the Indonesian Aircraft CN 235 (Fig. 1) does not consist only of the necessary data acquisition and evaluation systems, but includes moreover all the subsystems which are needed in flight testing like airborne- and ground-calibration systems, video and camera-installations etc. The Mobile Ground Station is housed in 14 shelters including a power-station and can be seen as a selfsupporting system. Design and procurement by DFVLR assisted by Indonesian engineers as well as assistance through DFVLR in Indonesia was a first leading project in the course of the establishment of an Indonesian Flight Mechanics Laboratory FML. After service in Type Certification of the CN 235 the Flight Test Instrumentation System described will have a wide application range for future projects. To get a staff of engineers scilled in the art of flight-testing a training program for 10 Indonesian engineers was conducted by DFVLR, so that there are experts to operate the system in Indonesia. Since 1984 the Flight Test Instrumentation System is in use in Bandung or Jakarta resp.
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AIRBORNE TELEMETRY AND CRUISE MISSILE CONTROLThe Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft (ARIA) is an airborne platform designed to receive, record, process, and retransmit telemetry data. This paper will provide a brief overview of ARIA capabilities and focus on a specially modified ARIA – the Cruise Missile Mission Control Aircraft (CMMCA). Currently utilized in cruise missile testing, CMMCA features on-board real-time display of telemetry data as well as remote command and control of the test missile.
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THE EC-18B ARIA: AIRBORNE TELEMETRY AND REENTRY VEHICLE SCORING COMBINEDThe 4950th Test Wing, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, is converting four Boeing 707-320C aircraft into EC-18B Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft (ARIA). In addition to the antenna and electronic equipment required to collect telemetry data in support of NASA and DOD space and missile programs, the EC-18B will be equipped with a Sonobuoy Missile Impact Location System (SMILS), an optics system, and a meteorological sampling system. Once these systems are added, the EC-18B ARIA will be the most versatile and capable airborne mobile instrumentation platform in the world. They will be able to collect telemetry data from various space and missile systems; acoustically determine the geodetic impact point of reentry vehicles at any location; obtain photographic and video data from reentry vehicles as they pass through the earth’s atmosphere; and provide local atmospheric data in support of worldwide US ballistic missile tests through the year 2000 and beyond.
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GPS HIGH DYNAMIC RECEIVER TRACKING DEMONSTRATION RESULTSDemonstration results are presented for a high dynamic GPS receiver. The receiver tested is a breadboard unit capable of tracking one simulated satellite signal in pseudorange and range rate. The receiver makes approximate maximum likelihood estimates of pseudorange and range rate each 20 ms, and tracks these observables using a third order filter with a time constant of 0.14 s. Carrier phase is not tracked, which eliminates the typical failure mode of loss of carrier lock associated with PLLs at high dynamics. The receiver tracks with pseudorange lag errors of under 0.06 m when subjected to simulated 50 g turns with 40 g/s peak jerk. Pseudorange errors due to receiver noise alone are approximately 0.6 m rms at a carrier power to noise spectral density ratio of 34 dB-Hz. The tracking threshold SNR is approximately 28 dB-Hz, which provides 12 dB margin relative to the 40 dB-Hz that occurs with minimum specified satellite signal strength, 3.5 dB system noise figure, and 0 dBi antenna gain.
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THE ADVANTAGES OF APPLYING GPS FREQUENCY TRANSLATORS TO RANGE TRACKINGWhen applying the Global Positioning System (GPS) to Time, Space, and Position Information (TSPI), the use of GPS frequency translators should be considered. The primary space positioning problem in the test and evaluation applications is trajectory reconstruction. Although this can be accomplished by flying a GPS receiver on the test vehicle and telemetering its position to the ground, there are significant advantages to translating the “L” band GPS signals to “S” band, and transmitting the broad band signal to the ground for processing. A translator-based system offers several advantages. Physical advantages include smaller size, lower weight, and lower cost. Technical advantages include: 1) ground station data aiding that provides a 6 dB advantage, 2) elimination of system bias errors, 3) computation complexity at the ground station vs. the vehicle under test, and 4) the ability to reconstruct a test scenario enabling flexibility in data analysis techniques.
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NUMERICAL FUSION OF REDUNDANT TELEMETRY SOURCESDuring a flight test of a missile or a launcher, the emitted PCM telemetry messages are recorded in different receiving ground stations. Because of the small number of flight tests during development period, our main purpose will be to make the best deferred restitution - up to one bit - of all the on - board emitted informations, and this, with a round to one Megabits per second rythm and during a several minutes period.
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THE SIMULATION OF HAAR TELEMETRY SYSTEM WITH MICROCOMPUTERThe mathematical basis which can form a telemetry system is orthogonal functions. The Haar function set forms a complete set of orthogonal functions. Assording to the princeples of orthogonal multiplexing, a new telemetry system can be formed with Haar functions. Haar functions assume the values +1, 0 and -1, multiplied by powers of o2 &. In this paper we first make a modification to the Haar functions. The functions are so modified that it is suitable for computer to simulate and it also can be easily realized by hardware. The orthogonality of the orthogonality of the modified Haar functions is unchanged. Then,the simulation of Haar telemetry system with microcomputer is given by software. Finally, we have proved that the design of Haar telemetry system is workable.
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PCM SIMULATOR ARCHITECTURE REDUCES SETUP COMPLEXITYThe advent of Bit Slice Processors and related architectures has produced numerous high performance PCM Data Simulators. Many of these fall into the category of stored program simulators, which give the user unlimited flexibility and power. These simulators allow the user to program almost any imaginable format, with combinations of subframes, subsubframes, and asynchronously embedded subframes. The drawback is that the user is forced to program the simulator using a very detailed machine level language which usually has no obvious relation to PCM frame formats. A new simulator architecture allows the user to describe the frame format to be simulated in familiar terms. This eliminates the need to learn yet another programming language or develop a Compiler. The user identifies common parameters such as frame length, subframe length, and where special words should be located. These special words can be unique sensor data words, a table of sensor data, ID counters, subframe slots and so on.
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A GENERIC TELEMETRY HOST COMPUTER SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUREA generic software architecture has been developed to support the typical functionality required of the host computer in a telemetry ground station system. The architecture provides sufficient flexibility to permit support of the wide spectrum of requirements typically placed on such systems, while at the same time providing a structural shell which helps to minimize the complexity of applications software. The general issues addressed by this architecture include: - The need to interface to a wide variety of telemetry front end equipments. - The need to provide a convenient consistent, and efficient operator interface to the integrated telemetry system. - The need to support a variable amount and wide range of applications specific processing. - The need to be adaptable across different sizes of host computers. - The need to be adaptable across different host computer systems. This paper defines, at a high level, the architecture that has been defined and the general data structure concepts required to make it work. It further addresses the standardized operator interface supported by the architecture and finally, summarizes the benefits that have been demonstrated to be derived through the use of this standardized approach in the development of telemetry host computer software.
