Between a Stent and a Hard Place: Restenosis Prevention Methods

Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death in the United States. CAD, also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, occurs from the accumulation of cholesterol- related plaques within the coronary arteries. A common treatment modality is Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), including the use of heart stents. To gain a better understanding of this treatment, education regarding basic anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system is necessary. In addition, knowledge of the disease state with associated risk factors, diagnosis and treatment is also required. A common occurrence after the insertion of a coronary stent is the restenosis of the stent, requiring further therapy. Lifestyle modifications to reduce stent restenosis include: weight loss, heart healthy diet, exercise, and management of coexisting diabetes. This thesis serves to educate the reader about the underlying physiology of CAD with emphasis on PCI and the use of stents. Stent restenosis with modifiable risk factors to reduce its incidence will be presented.