Worldwide Distribution of Cryptosporidium Species in Bovines

Abstract

The following research-based paper will provide a detailed list of all Cryptosporidium species known, to date, to infect bovine populations worldwide. Prevalence data from around the world, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, England, Egypt, India, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, the United States of America and others, are detailed and tabularly presented. Cryptosporidium parvum, C. andersoni, C. bovis and C. ryanae are the major relevant species of Cryptosporidium that readily infect bovines. Information on infection duration, oocyst shedding volumes and symptomology on each major species is encompassed. The current genomics and subtypes of this organism are detailed and discussed. Treatment including vaccination, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are reviewed. Lastly, the future developments in the bovine Cryptosporidium field are touched upon.