Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

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  La Movida Madrileña and the Rock Radical Vasco as Political and Social Agents in Post-Franco Spain: Their influence on Popular Musical Practices of 21st-Century Spain

  Compitello, Malcolm; Novillo Perez, Cecilio Jose; Compitello, Malcolm; Corso, Dawn; Brobeck, John (The University of Arizona., 2017)

  In Spain, the era of political transition to democracy known as La Transición during the 1970s and 1980s led to changes in Spanish popular music (i.e., pop, rock, punk) which became the musical representation of the new democracy’s social and political changes. Two different musical movements of that period, La Movida Madrileña and Rock Radical Vasco, established boundaries between official mainstream music and its musical counterculture counterpart, underground, and subversive musical practices within Spanish democracy. This thesis examines the nature of those musical practices, their song lyrics, and their social and political interpretations, including their influence on current musical practices.
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  Dendroclimatological Study of Pinus Sylvestris L. in Southern Catalonia (Spain)

  Gutiérrez, Emilia; Departamento d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (Tree-Ring Society, 1989)

  Two modem tree-ring width chronologies of Pinus sylvestris L. have been established in an area near the southern limit of the species' distribution. Trees were sampled in the South of Catalonia in northeastern Spain where Mediterranean climatic conditions are of primary influence. To better understand climate ring-width relationships, tree-ring index series have been studied in relation to local climate. Ring-widths are strongly related to low precipitation at the beginning of the growing season in March, in June of the current growth year, and in September prior to tree-ring growth. High temperatures mainly affect growth in summer during the growing season and in autumn of the year prior to growth. During the winter, mainly in December, mean monthly temperatures show a significant positive correlation with growth. Major factors controlling the southern distribution of P. sylvestris may be related not only to water stress in summer but also to the amount of precipitation at the beginning of the growing season and in autumn, even in mild winters.
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  The Politics of Pension Reform in a Comparative Perspective: A Cross-Regional Analysis of Argentina, Uruguay, Spain and Italy

  Kurzer, Paulette; Carrera, Leandro Nicolas; Kurzer, Paulette; Willerton, John P.; Ragin, Charles C. (The University of Arizona., 2007)

  What factors explain pension reform decisions in countries with generous public pension systems and an ageing population? To answer this question I analyze four countries with some similar characteristics: (1) a well expanded and fragmented public pension system that follows the traditional Bismarckian structure of different funds for specific occupational categories; (2) a public pension system with high degrees of coverage and based on the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) principle in which current workers pay for current retirees; (3) increasing public pension spending levels that towards the 1990s made the public pension system unsustainable. The four selected countries differ along one significant dimension. Two of them are newly industrialized countries and in Latin America: Argentina and Uruguay. The other two countries are industrialized economies of the European Union: Italy and Spain.I hypothesize that while international and domestic factors matter in explaining pension reform, the former will play an indirect role by stressing the need to make the pension system more sustainable to put public finances in order. Thus, I contend that domestic economic and political factors will determine the reform outcome.I find support for my theory in the analysis of the four countries. International and supranational organizations played a role in supporting policymakers' reform efforts and highlighting the necessity to reduce pension liabilities in the long run to put public finances in order. However, these organizations did not determine the reform outcome. Instead, I find that domestic economic and political factors explain the final reform decision. On the economic side, the maturity of the pension system - represented by the magnitude of pension promises to future retirees - and the state of public finances, determined policymakers' first choice for reform; which ranged from proposals to change the parameters of the public pillar to that pillar's structural reform together with the introduction of a private pillar of individual accounts. Once this choice was made, the reform was negotiated with those with a special interest in the pension system: pensioners and labor. Thus, these actors' organizational strength and preferences explains the type of specific pension reform finally adopted in each country.