Conference Proceedings: Recent submissions
Now showing items 21-40 of 6234
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Adaptive Linear Secrecy Codes with FeedbackWe identify a novel method of using feedback to provide enhanced information-theoretical security in the presence of an eavesdropper. This method begins with a fixed linear coset code providing both secrecy and error detection/correction, as has been described by several authors. The legitimate receiver then sends the syndrome information for the received codeword, and based on this feedback, the transmitter can provide further error correction information specifically tailored to assist only the legitimate receiver. We show that this method allows secure communication with the legitimate receiver even when the eavesdropper’s channel is superior to that of the legitimate receiver.
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Ultraviolet Pulse Position Modulation in the Presence of Scattering LossesUltraviolet (UV) communication systems allow non-line-of-sight mode of communications. This is made possible due to the scattering of UV signals from the molecules and aerosols present in the atmosphere. In this paper, a UV system employing pulse position modulation (PPM) is studied. The receiver uses avalanche photodiode detectors in the Geiger mode. The effects of fog and dust aerosols on the bit error rate performance are presented. Results are given for varying distances between the transmitter and the receiver. For the parameters considered, the results show a significant improvement in the bit error rate performance with an increase in the fog particle density.
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StressVision: Non-Invasive Stress Detection from Thermal VideosTimely and accurate stress detection is crucial for effective healthcare monitoring and intervention. Existing methods for stress detection often rely on invasive or subjective measures, limiting their use. Here, we propose StressVision; a non-invasive and automated transformer-based deep learning approach that uses thermal video analysis to capture and analyze facial thermal patterns, and enables objective and continuous stress detection. We validate our approach by applying StressVision to two datasets comprised of healthy human adult participants who were exposed to an acute stressor (ice-cold water) while thermal video of their faces and electrocardiography were recorded. One of these datasets was collected specifically for the purpose of this work (n=36) and the other dataset was acquired from a previous study (n=42). With StressVision we were able to achieve state-of-the-art stress detection performance, such that stress state could be classified (i.e., stress, no-stress) with accuracy = 0.8748. We make the StressVision source code available on GitHub along with our new dataset, which will serve as a valuable resource for stress-detection research and allow for bench-marking against other methods.
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Compression of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images Using JPEG2000Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique which is routinely used for anatomical and functional imaging. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) characterizes the diffusion of water molecules using a tensor and allows computation of quantitative metrics, such as fractional anisotropy, which measures anisotropy of the diffusion process for each voxel. The image datasets used in DTI are four-dimensional with three spatial dimensions and a fourth dimension representing the direction of diffusion sensitivity applied during acquisition. In this work,we investigate the use of three-dimensional JPEG2000 for lossy and lossless compression, as well as the trade-off between the number of diffusion directions and bits/pixel used to compress each volume. These experiments show that diffusion weighted MR images can be reliably compressed using JPEG2000.
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Diverse Control Scheme Selection for a Teleoperated Robotic ArmThis paper explores the application of telemetry to the control of a 6-axis robotic arm, designed for a prototype rover competing in the 2023 University Rover Challenge. The arm utilizes brushed DC motors, controlled by H-bridge circuits, to move the axes and dual end-effector. A central circuit board facilitates both open and closed loop control of the system via an integrated Teensy microcontroller, with signals transmitted to and from the remote Basestation over the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, or 5.8 GHz bands. Data received by the arm consists of motor output demands, joint angle targets, coordinate targets for inverse kinematic control, and a variety of other control signals, while data transmitted by the arm provides sensor feedback and status information to the remote operator. This telemetry allows operators to make informed decisions on control scheme selection, which is ideal for teleoperation.
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Cost-Effective UV Fluorescence Spectrometer for Life DetectionThis paper details the design, fabrication, and application of a custom ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence spectrometer that was implemented on a prototype Mars rover for the University Rover Challenge 2023 competition. The fluorometer consists of a series of UV LEDs from 265 nm to 365 nm specifically chosen to induce fluorescence in biological samples. This fluorescence is then measured using a charge-coupled device and interpreted by a local, network connected microcontroller. Radio links operating in the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz bands transmit the spectral data to a basestation. A post-processor normalizes the data and isolates maximum and relative wavelength peaks. A command link allows the rover operator at the basestation to individually activate the LEDs to excite the sample. Using the resulting emitted spectra, the operators can determine the presence of life in a sample. This design gave a higher degree of sensitivity and was more cost-effective than other methods that were considered.
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Shape Detection in an Image Using Parallelized Traditional Image Analysis TechniquesModern day computer vision applications are frequently implemented using machine learning approaches. While these implementations can perform very well, the performance is heavily dependent on sufficient and accurate training data. Due to a lack of adequate training data, the Arizona Autonomous Vehicles Club (AZA) decided to implement the generalized hough transform to detect shapes in a live video feed from an unmanned aerial system (UAS). The hough transform is computationally intensive and since real-time performance is required, a serial approach may not have the execution speed necessary for the application. Image processing techniques include matrix multiplication and convolution operations which are highly parallelizable. Therefore, the algorithm was parallelized and implemented on a graphics processing unit (GPU). Performance profiling was done on both machine learning and traditional approaches where execution time and accuracy were compared.
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Autonomous Miniature Car for Room Exploration and Object SearchWe demonstrate the use of a miniature car to autonomously search an unknown environment and successfully find a target object. With inspiration from the F1TENTH project, we use a Raspberry Pi to run localization, mapping, and path planning software. Our software creates a map of the car’s surroundings and avoids obstacles through simultaneous localization and mapping software generated using LiDAR scans and odometry data. Using the resulting map, our search algorithm calculates points for the car to explore based on distance and probability of the target being near those points. The car’s path updates until the target has been detected using a camera. With this project, we aim to enhance the utility of autonomous vehicles for search and identification.
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Advances in Developing a Unified Post-Flight Analysis SystemSeveral years ago, the IADS group at Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions set about designing a unified platform for post-test analysis. This design aimed to satisfy a collection of core requirements that were gathered from meeting with a number of engineering groups throughout the flight test community at that time. The ultimate goal was to create a standardized system for post-test analysis from those requirements that could be used (and reused) by different flight test disciplines across different projects. While the IADS team has made significant progress implementing these requirements in recent years, the team has also received valuable feedback from the flight test community on ways to improve this system. This presentation will explore some of the obstacles and challenges encountered using such a system in a real-world environment, as well as some solutions that have been used to overcome these obstacles. Topics will include strategies for fast and efficient data visualization of entire flights, the importance of a common API for reading different data types, as well as managing large amounts of data in a cloud environment.
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Using 5G's Non-3GPP Inter-working Function to Support Heterogeneous Networking in Aeronautical Mobile TelemetryAeronautical Mobile Telemetry (AMT) has leveraged Serial Streaming Telemetry (SST) systems for many decades to enable development of new generations of aviation technology. As the number of sensors and the demand for telemetry increase, SST may not provide the bandwidth needed to meet current development goals. Since different communication technologies have different advantages and limitations, an enhancement to AMT is to augment existing SST systems for use alongside an emerging 5G New Radio AMT solution. The 5G specification includes a capability that allows any access network to interface with a 5G network by using a standard, streamlined non-5G gateway. Instead of maintaining parallel, stove-piped systems, this paper describes a novel 5G Connector that makes use of both 5G-based AMT solutions and the non-5G gateway. Using the 5G Connector results in a unified, efficient system with integrated SST and 5G and brings multiple telemetry sources to a single logical data repository. This unified system further brings to bear valuable data collection through both unique capabilities from legacy systems and emerging 5G capabilities such as ultra-reliable low latency communication from vast commercial investments.
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Incorporating 5G Data Feeds Into the Modern Control RoomIntegration of 5G cellular technology into our test ranges will create myriad opportunities to expand capabilities for the tester. One aspect of aeronautical mobile telemetry that will be profoundly transformed by the exploitation of 5G radios is the collection, distribution, and use of data in the control room during tests. The advent of bi-directional, packet-based telemetry with dynamically managed spectrum opens the door to more flexible and more efficient testing. It also presents challenges, some of which are technical in nature and others that are more procedural and cultural in nature. This paper will discuss some of the opportunities and challenges of incorporating 5G data feeds into the modern control room.
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Strategy for the Application of Cellular Wireless Technology for AMTThe Test Resources Management Center (TRMC) has developed a strategic framework for the application of cellular wireless technology to support test missions across the Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) locations. The initial focus of this framework was the application of cellular wireless technology to support Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry missions and the initiatives to advance the use of cellular technology. As part of this framework, MITRE conducted an analysis of different test mission scenarios across multiple use case categories. The analysis looked at the potential value gained from these technologies and the technical and operational challenges they present as it applies to different use cases over time. A key takeaway the analysis supports is that use of cellular wireless on the range is not a one size fits all migration from existing serial streaming telemetry and that, for the foreseeable future, a hybrid approach of legacy and cellular wireless technology will be necessary.
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Overview of Flight Tests Using iNET RF NetworkKawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. has been researching on two-way communication using iNET since 2014. We started to conduct performance tests in 2015. Firstly, we used a tethered aerostat to evaluate our system in stable conditions. In this step, we got results as expected, and we moved to the next step, flight tests using aircrafts. For the first 2 years, we had struggled to demonstrate the performance due to some problems of our ground facility, etc. But finally, we successfully demonstrated our two-way communication system in 2018. After that, we began considering that our system can be applicable not only to the flight test but also to the field of disaster prevention and rescue. From this point of view, we integrated a 4K video transmission function which we think is useful for assessing the detailed conditions of affected areas into our system. This result was presented at ITC 2022. In this paper, we describe the summary of these test results and the future plans.
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Implementation of a Network-Based Instrumentation Data System for a Flight Test Air Vehicle”For decades Boeing has implemented numerous flight test instrumentation data systems on military air vehicles based on the Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS)1 bus architecture. Recently there has been a shift for the instrumentation and data system to be based around an Ethernet network. In preparation for using such a system on upcoming military programs Boeing set requirements and then implemented a network-based instrumentation and data system that met all requirements needed on previous programs and added capabilities for its emerging flight test programs. This paper explores implementing a network-based system, the steps taken to meet those requirements, the challenges and solutions to the IRIG 106 standards, the advantages of a network solution, and finally the issues being addressed for future systems.
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How Can Telemetry Data be Meaningfully Reduced and What is the Benefit of Reconfiguration on the Fly?Regardless of which telemetry RF band (L, S, C band) is used, available bandwidth is becoming progressively limited. This is partly due to the constantly growing need for various vehicle test operations but is also happening at a time when the amount of measurement data that is being generated and recorded during those flight operations is growing. This is in part due to several factors: Measurement points where measured values are digitized with higher sampling rates, Higher available signal dynamic range, with 20 or 24-bit resolution, and Video from onboard cameras and other video sources. Completely new ways of working would become available if it was possible to transmit from the test vehicle to the ground station only those measurement data points which are important for a specific test and if the system could be reconfigured easily, quickly and securely from the ground station for the next test point. This sort of change would require a bi-directional telemetry connection between the ground station and the aircraft. The cooperation between JDA Systems and imc Test & Measurement has resulted in a new generation of flight test solutions that are based on IRIG and other industry standards. Part of the overall solution includes the telemetry link itself which is based on IRIG 106 Chapter 4/7. One of the fundamental innovations is that the telemetry not only transmits the measurement data from the aircraft to the ground station, but above all enables the telemetry data stream to be reconfigured, at short notice, during flight operations. imc Test & Measurement GmbH is an established manufacturer of high-end measurement and automation systems based in Berlin / Germany and has more than 30 years of experience in the field of mobile and stationary testing technology. The company is part of the Axiometrix Solutions Group, a leading provider of test solutions that includes globally recognized measurement technology brands. JDA Systems is a long-established, privately owned telemetry company with a wide range of proven products for telemetry hardware and software providing the engine for the telemetry links between the aircraft and the ground station, and the evaluation of the measurement data transmitted to the ground station. JDA Systems has worked with the IRIG 106 standards for decades and were a founder member of the IRIG 106 Chapter 10 committee.
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Enhancing Network Stability and Performance with Per-VLAN Spanning Tree and Trunk Load Balancing for Wired and Wireless Robotics ApplicationsThis paper describes the use of the Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol (Rapid-PVST+) and trunk load balancing in a network setup for both wired and wireless communications in robotic applications. We use two Cisco business class switches trunked together over three different wireless point-to-point signal stacks. Multiple hosts are connected to this TCP/IP network and utilize both custom and standardized protocols for robot control, remote systems management, and camera streaming. We present a detailed description of our network topology, configuration, and the benefits that Rapid-PVST+ and load balancing provides compared to a single wireless connection, along with results that demonstrate the effectiveness in improving network stability and performance in complex robotic applications. This paper provides insights and practical guidance for implementing similar setups in other robotic applications and discusses potential improvements to further increase network speed and reliability.
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Remote Power System Monitoring and Management of a Teleoperated Mars RoverThis paper discusses the battery management system (BMS) and power distribution system used on a teleoperated rover used in the Mars Society University Rover Challenge competition (URC). The BMS monitors telemetry generated battery and can also receive commands from operators at a remote base station. The system is responsible for monitoring current draw of the entire rover, and voltage present in the battery array. The system can autonomously reconfigure the rover systems to isolate and recover from fault conditions. Operators at the remote base station can also command the systems to reconfigure the rover power distribution configuration.
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Use Of Telemetry in BattlebotsBattleBots is a televised competition that allows 250 lbs. weight class robots to battle against each other. The University of Arizona capstone team 23037 have created their own battlebot to compete on the show. The combat robot has a drive system, electrical system, telemetry system, and weapon system. This battlebot includes a telemetry system consisting of encoders, a visual tracking drone, voltage and temperature sensors. The sensor suite on the robot helps fight throughout a match. Before the match, the sensors ensure the battery status and pre-battle circuit connectivity. During the match, live data predicts operation time, rotational speeds of the drive system and the weapon system, and the status of electrical components. After the match, data is stored for later use and further analysis. As a part of the project, a drone has been programmed to track and follow our robot and provide visual data to timestamp sensor data for post match analysis.
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Telemetry and Data Logging System for the Wildcat Formula Racing CarIn the world of motorsports, data is paramount for competition. Obtaining information about the track, the environment, and the car allows a team to better understand and tune their car to be as optimal as possible. This project created a modular system that transmitted data about the behavior of the car to the pitlane in real-time and could be configured to work with a variety of sensors. The system is centered around two Raspberry Pi computers that communicate with each other through RF transceivers. One Raspberry Pi is located onboard the race car and the other is in the pit lane. Connected to the onboard computer are many sensors: GPS, accelerometer, and strain gauges, all gathering information on the behavior of the car. This data is transmitted to the remote computer where it creates graphs and other visualizations about the car’s behavior in real-time using software for the pit crew to analyze.
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Use of Telemetry to Track Ride SystemsAmusement park rides rely on special effects to enhance rider experience. Modern technology allows for advanced ride systems that incorporate triggered effects. However, the accuracy of these effects can be compromised by external factors, such as weight, airflow, and track conditions which can result in suboptimal effect timing and a diminished overall experience for riders. Telemetry systems can collect and model data from coasters in motion since they provide more accurate and reliable information about ride conditions and adjust special effects accordingly. We can examine the implementation of specific examples of telemetry systems for rides to explore their benefits. Through analysis of coasters, we demonstrate the effectiveness of telemetry systems in providing real-time data to optimize special effect timing. The results suggest that telemetry systems have potential to enhance the overall amusement park experience by improving ride effects.