Several reproductive processes of tetraploid Grindelia camporum were investigated. This plant is a potential resin crop for the southwestern United States. Field observations of 100 flower heads from unopened buds through 100% achene dispersal were made. It was found that individual flower heads are available for pollination for approximately 5 days but all disc florets are open for only 1 day. On average, achenes mature in 22 days and are dispersed 53 days after flowering. Fourteen-hundred hand-pollinations were also made on plants from 6 wild populations of G. camporum grown in a greenhouse and shade house. Estimates of fertility and crossability of populations were made based on achene number and achene weight data from these crosses. All populations studied were interfertile and no evidence of outbreeding depression in between -population crosses was found. It is shown that tetraploid G. camporum is self-incompatible and requires manipulation for achene set.

Sixteen forage species used by Desert Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) in King Valley, Arizona were collected bimonthly from November 1983 through October 1984 and analysed for dry matter, protein, ether extract, ash, and fiber. Results of the analysis are presented as a reference source for wildlife biologists, range managers, and others working in desert ecosystems.

Forest litter, a good source of organic matter and seeds, was applied on undisturbed soil and on coal mine soil (spoils) in experiments conducted on the Black Mesa Coal Mine near Kayenta, Arizona over a 2 -year period (1977 - 1978). Germination, seedling establishment, plant height, and ground cover were evaluated for two seeding treatments (forest litter and no forest litter) and two soil- moisture treatments (natural rainfall and natural rainfall plus irrigation). The forest litter was obtained at random from the Coconino National Forest, broadcast over the surface of the soil materials, and incorporated into the surface 5 cm of each soil material. Germination, seedling establishment, plant height, and ground cover on undisturbed soil and coal mine soil were higher when forest litter was applied than when it was not applied and when natural rainfall was supplemented with sprinkler irrigation than when rainfall was not supplemented with irrigation. Applications of forest litter and supplemental irrigation may insure successful establishment of vegetation on areas disturbed by open -pit coal mining.

Samples of 32 plant species (24 woody and succulent species, 5 grasses, 3 forbs) used by Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) in the Harquahala Mountains, Arizona were collected bimonthly in 1982. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, cell solubles, hemicellulose, ether extract, and ash. Woody and succulent plants had the highest protein levels (x̄ = 9.3% in September and October to 11.1% in January and February) followed by forbs and grass, respectively. Nutritional data are presented in tabular form as a reference source for wildlife biologists, range managers and scientists in related fields charged with managing Arizona's rangelands.

The moth Schinia miniana (Grote) of Lepidoptera family Noctuidae is reported on Desert Marigold (Baileya multiradiata) of plant family Compositae. Characteristics of the plant and the life history of the insect are discussed. Principal features of this plant-insect interaction are described and illustrated.

Previous research in syntactic gender congruency effects has indicated that German and Dutch speakers exhibited priming effects in the production of noun phrases (La Heij, Mak, Sander & Willeboordse 1998; Schriefers 1993; Schriefers & Teruel 2000), whereas speakers of Spanish and Italian showed no such effects (Miozzo & Caramazza 1999; Costa, Sebastián-Gallés, Miozzo & Caramazza 1999). Until recently, the production of bare nouns had only been examined in Dutch (La Heij, et al. 1998) and no effect was found. It was concluded that gender information is only accessed when specifically required for the selection of agreement morphemes. Cubelli, Lotto, Paolieri, Girelli, and Job (2005), however, found an inhibitory gender congruency effect for bare noun production in Italian. The goal of the current experiment was to determine if such an effect could be elicited in Spanish. The current experiment examined the production of bare nouns and noun phrases (NPs) by native Spanish speakers within the picture-word interference paradigm, in which subjects named a picture accompanied by a distractor word which was either gender congruent or incongruent with the target. Congruency effects were determined by naming latencies. An analysis of the data showed that there was no gender congruency effect in bare noun production. Naming latencies in the two conditions were virtually identical (f (1,15) = 0.017, p < 0.90). In addition, separate analyses were performed on target words of each gender (masculine and feminine) and no gender specific effect was found. As predicted, there were no congruency effects for NP production. The fact that, in bare noun production, Spanish behaves like Dutch rather than Italian indicates that there is a critical difference between Spanish and Italian relating to gender access.

Bursera is a conspicuous component of the vegetation of Sonora, Mexico. This paper delineates the species of Bursera in the states of Sonora and Arizona and provides identification and descriptions including information on their distribution, habitat, morphology, phenology, and cultivation. There are 10 species of Bursera in Sonora: B. arborea, B. fagaroides, B. grandifolia, B. hindsiana, B. lancifolia, B. laxiflora, B. microphylla, B. penicillata, B. simaruba and B. stenophylla. Two species, B. fagaroides and B. micro - phylla, extend into Arizona. The ten species in Sonora and Arizona occur in desertscrub, thornscrub, tropical deciduous forest and lower oak woodland. Plant stature, leaf size and number of species decrease from southeast to northwest across Sonora. Several species of Bursera are suitable for horticulture. Further study is required to determine the taxonomic relationships of several species.

Experiments were conducted near Buckeye, Arizona in 1975 and 1976 to study the influence of treated municipal wastewater on growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Pump water from local wells (control treatment) and a 50:50 mixture of wastewater and pump water were the two sources of irrigation water used. Sorghum irrigated with the wastewater-pump water mixture grew taller and produced more heads per unit area than did sorghum irrigated with pump water alone in 1975 and 1976. Grain yields and forage yields were also higher for sorghum irrigated with the wastewater-pump water mixture than they were for sorghum irrigated with pump water alone, in both years. Grain volume-weight was not adversely affected by irrigating with the wastewater-pump water mixture.