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UA Faculty Research
ABOUT THE COLLECTIONS
These collections include publications and data from University of Arizona faculty, staff and researchers. The UA Faculty Publications collection consists primarily of open access versions of published journal articles, but also contains conference proceedings and other unique materials from faculty, staff and researchers. Organizational collections, such as the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Publications, and Water Resources Research Center, contain additional faculty publications such as departmentally produced technical bulletins, technical reports, and working papers.
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Family Systems and Family Relationships: Family Subsystems Across Diverse FamiliesWe examine family systems and family relationships. Using family systems theory (Cox & Paley, 1997, 2003; Minuchin, 1985), we focus on how families are viewed as a hierarchically organized system, comprised of smaller relationships (i.e., subsystems) such as parent–child relationships, embedded within larger systems such as extended families and their broader social ties. We organized the discussion of subsystems as follows: (a) Core subsystems, including relationships of romantic partners, coparenting alliance, parent–children, and siblings; and (b) Subsystems with broader social ties, in the form of extended family and/or intergenerational ties, including coparenting alliances in post-divorce or foster families as well as parents and parents-in-law relationships. We also consider these various subsystems within and across diverse families and family contexts, attending to aspects of gender, family structures, income, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, cultures, and national origins. We end with suggestions for future research (e.g., combining the lenses of family systems with intersectionality).
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Tracking the burden, distribution, and impact of Post-COVID conditions in diverse populations for children, adolescents, and adults (Track PCC): passive and active surveillance protocolsBackground: Track PCC includes five geographic surveillance sites to conduct standardized population-based surveillance to estimate and track Post-COVID Conditions (PCC) by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area, severity of initial infection, and risk factors among persons with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (based on the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologist [CSTE] case definitions for confirmed cases or laboratory-confirmed evidence of infection). Methods: The study will estimate the incidence, prevalence, including temporal trends, and duration and severity of PCC symptoms, among children, adolescents, and adults. PCCs include a broad range of symptoms and conditions that continue or develop after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 illness. Surveillance includes both passive and active components for diverse populations in Arizona, Indiana, and Utah as well as the Bronx Borough, NY, and part of Philadelphia County, PA. Passive surveillance will utilize electronic health records and health information exchanges within each site catchment area to longitudinally follow persons with COVID-19 to estimate PCC occurring at least 30 days after acute COVID-19 illness. Active surveillance will utilize self-report of PCCs from detailed surveys of persons ages 7 years and older with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the past 3 months. Respondents will complete follow-up surveys at 6-, 12- and 18-months post-infection. Discussion: These data can help identify which groups are most affected by PCC, and what health differences among demographic groups exist, as well as indicate potential barriers to care. These additional levels of granularity can inform public health action and help direct needed clinical care for patients.
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Digitally Branded: The Developmental Catastrophe of Juvenile Sex Offender RegistriesJuvenile sex offender registration was never a natural fit for the youth justice system, but in the digital age, it has become deeply harmful. What began as a paper-based precaution has evolved into a sprawling digital regime that permanently brands adolescents at the most formative stage of life. This article examines how technological change has turned registration into a publicly searchable network of stigma—amplified by data aggregators, search engines, neighborhood apps, and real estate platforms—that makes youthful misbehavior both permanent and inescapable. Drawing on insights from developmental neuroscience and criminology, the article explains why adolescent sexual misconduct is often impulsive, peer-driven, and rarely predictive of future offending. Yet federal mandates like the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) continue to impose offense-based registration on youth as young as fourteen, ignoring evidence about adolescent development and undermining the juvenile justice system’s rehabilitative aims. The modern registry’s reach imposes novel harms that traditional legal frameworks have not fully addressed. Public access fuels ongoing exclusion, identity foreclosure, and algorithmic discrimination, locking youth into stigmatized identities and exacerbating racial and socioeconomic disparities. These harms ripple outward to destabilize families and communities. Empirical research confirms that juvenile sexual recidivism is rare and that registration fails to improve public safety. Instead, it misallocates resources and inflicts long-term damage. This article urges a rethinking of juvenile registration policies, calling for reforms grounded in developmental science, technological awareness, and evidence-based alternatives such as confidential monitoring, risk-based assessments, and therapeutic intervention.
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Water Governance, Stakeholder Engagement, and Sustainable Water Resources ManagementWater governance and stakeholder engagement are receiving research attention for their role in formulating and implementing solutions to the world’s critical water challenges. The inspiration for this Special Issue came from our desire to provide a platform for sharing results and informing the global water governance community about the wealth of excellent interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research and projects being carried out around the world. The 20 peer-reviewed papers collected in this Special Issue have been grouped into three categories: stakeholder engagement, tools for building water management and governance capacity, and perspectives on water management and governance. Following a brief summary of the papers, concluding remarks that reflect on what the papers, taken as a whole, contribute to our understanding are provided.
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Critical Issues Affecting Groundwater Quality Governance and Management in the United StatesGroundwater is increasingly important for meeting water demand across the United States (U.S.). Forward thinking governance and effective management are necessary for its sustainable use. In the U.S., state governments are primarily responsible for groundwater governance (i.e., making laws, policies, and regulations) and management (i.e., implementation of laws, policies, and regulations). This decentralized system results in diverse strategies and practices. We surveyed a water quality professional from each state to better understand commonalities and differences across states. These professionals identify a wide assortment of groundwater issues and concerns, including quality and quantity impairment, staffing and budget issues, private well vulnerability, and overdraft. Respondents indicate contamination problems from natural and anthropogenic sources. Most respondents report that their states have significantly changed groundwater quality policy during the past 30 years. While most states have multiple funding sources for water quality programs, program budgets have decreased in the last decade, thereby hindering effective implementation of new policies. Over half of respondents indicate that water-quality/water-level monitoring and increased groundwater pumping will require more attention over the next decade. Several respondents anticipate groundwater regulation changes in the next five years. We discuss how our findings align with current groundwater uses in the U.S.
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Findings and lessons learned from the assessment of the Mexico-United States transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers: The utility of social science in applied hydrologic researchStudy Region This study region encompasses the Transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers which are shared between the states of Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (US). Special regional considerations include a semi-arid climate, basin-fill aquifers with predominantly montane recharge areas, economic drivers in the mining, trade, and military sectors, groundwater-dependent cities with expanding cones of depression, interbasin groundwater transfers, ground- and surface-water contamination, and protected aquatic and riparian habitats that act as significant migration corridors for hundreds of species, including some that are threatened and endangered. Study Focus We focus on lessons learned from the hydrologic assessment of the Transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers. We conducted the work, in two phases: (1) laying the groundwork and (2) implementation. The “laying the groundwork” phase consisted of binational meetings with stakeholders and key actors (agencies and individuals), and the development of an understanding of the physical, institutional, historical, and socio-political context. This led to signing of the binational Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program (TAAP) agreement in 2009 and detailed the process for cooperation and coordination in the assessment of shared aquifers. The implementation phase began with an agreement to proceed with the study of four “focus” aquifers (Santa Cruz, San Pedro, Mesilla (Conejos-Médanos in Mexico), and Hueco Bolson (Bolsón del Hueco in Mexico)) and development of associated technical teams. Though we do include a brief discussion of the lessons learned from the physical science portion of the study, the results have been described and published elsewhere. The bulk of the paper instead focuses on the findings and lessons learned from the integration of social-science perspectives into a largely physical-science based program, since there is a growing recognition of the need for this type of approach especially in the management and assessment of transboundary aquifers. New Hydrological Insights for the Region The Sonora-Arizona effort succeeded because both countries were adequately represented, and because of flexibility of skills and ability of teams comprising both university and government scientists. Teams included social and earth scientists. Including the social sciences was critical to research design and implementation, and to addressing the cultural, institutional, and socio-political contexts of transboundary aquifer assessment. Significant components of the continuing implementation phase include strategic planning, data compilation and analysis, cross-border integration of datasets, geophysical and geochemical surveys, and internal, peer, and stakeholder engagement.
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An Overview of Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mexico and Its Legal FrameworkIn Mexico, one hundred of the 188 most important aquifers dedicated to agriculture and human consumption are over-exploited and 32 are affected by seawater intrusion in coastal areas. Considering that Mexico relies on groundwater, it is vital to develop a portfolio of alternatives to recover aquifers and examine policies and programs regarding reclaimed water and stormwater. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) may be useful for increasing water availability and adapting to climate change in semi-arid regions of Mexico. In this paper, we present an overview of water recharge projects that have been conducted in Mexico in the last 50 years, their methods for recharge, water sources, geographical distribution, and the main results obtained in each project. We found three types of MAR efforts: (1) exploratory and suitability studies for MAR, (2) pilot projects, and (3) MAR facilities that currently operate. This study includes the examination of the legal framework for MAR to identify some challenges and opportunities that Mexican regulation contains in this regard. We find that beyond the technical issues that MAR projects normally address, the regulatory framework is a barrier to increasing MAR facilities in Mexico.
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Impacts of Variable Climate and Effluent Flows on the Transboundary Santa Cruz AquiferAssessing groundwater resources in the arid and semiarid borderlands of the United States and Mexico represents a challenge for land and water managers, particularly in the Transboundary Santa Cruz Aquifer (TSCA). Population growth, residential construction, and industrial activities have increased groundwater demand in the TSCA, in addition to wastewater treatment and sanitation demands. These activities, coupled with climate variability, influence the hydrology of the TSCA and emphasize the need for groundwater assessment tools for decision-making purposes. This study assesses the impacts of changes in groundwater demand, effluent discharge, and climate uncertainties within the TSCA from downstream of the Nogales International Wastewater Treatment Plant to the northern boundary of the Santa Cruz Active Management Area. We use a conceptual water budget model to analyze the long-term impact of the different components of potential recharge and water losses within the aquifer. Modeling results project a future that ranges from severe longterm drying to positive wetting. This research improves the understanding of the impact of natural and anthropogenic variables on water sustainability, with an accessible methodology that can be globally applied.
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Influence of grey water on physical and mechanical properties of mortar and concrete mixesThis project aims to evaluate the potential of reused grey water in concrete and mortar in order to preserve fresh water for drinking purposes. Using both Treated Grey Water and Raw Grey Water (TGW and RGW, respectively) led to a significant increase in the initial setting time and a decrease in the concrete slump value. In addition, there was no effect on mortar soundness properties. The mortar and concrete compressive strength results obtained at 7 days moist curing time showed a significant increase. Mortar and concrete mixes using TGW cast at curing times of 28, 120, and 200 days led to no significant effects on compressive strength. On the contrary, the RGW achieved slightly negative impact on compressive strength at all curing ages. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C109), TGW and RGW are suitable for mortar and concrete production. Furthermore, these results are in harmony with established requirements for ASTM C94. In conclusion, TGW and RGW are potential alternatives for fresh water in the concrete manufacturing industry.
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Drought and groundwater management: Interconnections, challenges, and policy responsesDroughts have severe impacts on the economy, society, and environment. They also have impacts on groundwater and vice versa. While most analyses consider drought and groundwater as disconnected, we argue that drought and groundwater management should be conjunctively considered. This article presents some key interconnections, identifies challenges, and discusses illustrative policy responses. We highlight several advancements found in international scientific research and describe future directions for drought and groundwater management. While many technological innovations have improved our understanding of drought and groundwater's complex nature, policy and governance advances have not kept pace.
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Advances in Transboundary Aquifer AssessmentThis Special Issue is intended to highlight both recent work to advance the physical understanding of transboundary aquifers and factors relevant in successful collaboration on transboundary groundwater resource use. The collected papers address: (1) the identification and prioritization of the needs and strategies for sustainable groundwater development and use, along with the complexities introduced by working across borders with differing governance frameworks, institutions, cultures, and sometimes languages; (2) the characterization of the physical framework of the aquifer, stressors on the aquifer system, and how those stressors influence the availability of groundwater in terms of its quantity and quality; and (3) the incorporation of stakeholder input and prioritization directly into the process of aquifer assessment and model building. The papers provide insights into the state of knowledge regarding the physical characterization of important transboundary aquifers, primarily along the U.S.–Mexico border and the opportunities for greater stakeholder involvement in resource evaluation and prioritization. They point the way towards a future focus that combines both of these aspects of transboundary aquifer assessment for informing groundwater management discussions by policymakers.
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Prioritizing Transboundary Aquifers in the Arizona–Sonora Region: A Multicriteria Approach for Groundwater AssessmentGroundwater is vital to the well-being of over 20 million people in the nearly 2000-mile-long, arid U.S.–Mexico border region, supporting agricultural, industrial, domestic, and environmental needs. However, persistent droughts over the past two decades, coupled with increasing water demand and population growth, have significantly strained water resources, threatening the region’s water security. These challenges highlight the importance of comprehensive transboundary aquifer assessments, such as those conducted through the Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program (TAAP), a collaborative effort between the U.S. and Mexico to evaluate shared aquifers. The TAAP focuses on four aquifers: the Santa Cruz and the San Pedro in Arizona and Sonora and the Mesilla and the Hueco Bolson in Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua. With the need for additional aquifer studies in this arid region, it is important to determine and prioritize which aquifers would benefit most from transboundary assessment. This study aims to prioritize aquifers in the Arizona–Sonora region based on multiple criteria. The results from this study reveal regional disparities in the need for transboundary aquifer studies, with some aquifers highlighted due to their groundwater use for economic activities, while others stand out for their population density and the transboundary nature of the hydrogeologic units. By leveraging publicly available data, this research established a priority ranking for these aquifers to support decision-making processes in identifying and addressing the most critical aquifers for binational assessment, while providing a framework that can be replicated across other shared aquifers between the U.S. and Mexico and elsewhere.
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Information Literacy Instruction in a Post-Liaison WorldAs many libraries face the reality that traditional liaison models to support campus are unsustainable, liaison program re-org projects must grapple with the serious challenges of avoiding burnout, an inability to do more with less, and the shortcomings of instruction models that rely on transactional delivery. In this presentation, we will talk through our approaches and perspectives on filling the liaison void, where we focus on locating pragmatic and effective solutions for ensuring deep and expansive engagement with information literacy instruction across our institutions. While our solutions are locally situated and determined by complex and constantly evolving factors, we will identify where our opportunities and conundrums overlap due to common elements shared across today’s academic libraries.
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Activating Shared Print as a Strategy for Legacy Print AccessWhile most libraries participate in collaborative shared print efforts but tend only to rely on them as a failsafe, this article underscores the timeliness and importance of more libraries “activating” shared print as a core strategy for access to legacy print content. The University of Arizona’s experiences with SCELC and HathiTrust for monographs and the WEST-Internet Archive pilot for serials are discussed as examples of how libraries might choose to pursue this approach.
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The Journey Toward Implementing Trauma-Informed Practices to Support Patrons and Staff in an Academic Library SettingThe University of Arizona Libraries (UAL) has engaged in learning and applying trauma-informed concepts since 2020. These efforts followed conversations about how to compassionately uphold the libraries' Code of Conduct (CoC). Conversations occurred against the backdrop of the global COVID-19 pandemic, a national racial reckoning following the murder of George Floyd and a series of local incidents including border control, racial aggression, insecure access to basic needs and mental health services, and the recent on-campus homicide of a faculty member. In response, the library's Diversity, Social Justice, and Equity Council (DSJEC) began working to identify resources for trauma-informed services and leadership. UAL has interrogated the ways in which the CoC serves both as a response to expressions of trauma and a potential perpetuating source of trauma for patrons and staff. Moreover, many staff members have experienced trauma that occurred either within or outside the workplace that affects their work experience. UAL contracted with relational healing and life coach Nisha Mody to deliver a series of webinars introducing trauma-informed concepts and connecting them to academic library work. A result of trauma-informed training was a deeper knowledge of trauma-informed principles and their connection to systemic inequity and power. For this reason, UAL and other academic libraries may encounter challenges when applying trauma-informed practices within the administrative and cultural context of higher education.
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Cave millipedes of the United States. XVII. A new troglobiotic Nevadesmus Shear, 2009 from an Arizona cave (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae) with observations on associated fauna and ecologyA third species of the macrosternodesmid millipede genus Nevadesmus Shear, 2009 is described from a cave in Tonto National Forest, Pinal Co., southern Arizona, USA. This new species, Nevadesmus superstitiona Shear, Pape & Marek, n. sp. occurs significantly distant from the localities of the two other species, which occur in Nevada. The epigean and hypogean settings of the cave site and remarks on its natural history are provided. Thirty-two animal taxa are present in the cave, including the new millipede. Four other endemic troglobiotic species are present: a scorpion (Pseudouroctonus sp.: Vaejovidae), a terrestrial isopod (Brackenridgia sp.: Trichoniscidae), a silverfish (Speleonycta sp.: Nicoletiidae) and a thread-legged bug (Gardena cf. elkinsi: Reduviidae). A resident population of the tailless whip scorpion (Paraphrynus tokdod: Amblypygi: Phrynidae) is the first record of this family in an Arizona Cave. Tonto National Forest Cave #34 is the second most species diverse cave currently known in Arizona.
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Building the Future of Law Libraries: Artificial Intelligence, Opportunities, and AdvancementThe Future of Law Libraries initiative convened six regional roundtables on Artificial Intelligence & the Future of Law Libraries with experts from academic, court, firm, and government law libraries, as well as allied professions, using scenario-building methodology to examine how AI is reshaping legal education, work, and systems and what law libraries must do to lead that change. The common message: legal information professionals must take an active, coordinated role in AI policy, training, and infrastructure or risk being sidelined as legal information vendors and non-library actors set the agenda. This white paper distills convergent themes and proposes collaborative directions. It explores three recommendations that sprang from the roundtables: 1) create a centralized AI organization, 2) develop tiered training for legal information professionals, and 3) establish a shared knowledge hub. If we are successful in this next stage, we will have coordinated advocacy and standards, a workforce with more advanced skills, and an open, authoritative, dynamic, centralized repository. We will be convening teams to push these recommendations forward and we provide a link in the Call to Action section for our colleagues to join this effort.
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No Department, No Enforcement: Title IX After the Collapse of the Department of EducationThe structural foundations of Title IX enforcement are undergoing a profound transformation. President Trump’s 2025 executive order initiating the closure of the Department of Education, combined with the vacatur of the 2024 Title IX regulations and the Supreme Court’s elimination of Chevron deference in Loper Bright, has fundamentally dismantled the administrative framework that long anchored Title IX protections. Unlike prior regulatory shifts, these developments raise the question of whether meaningful federal enforcement will continue to exist at all. As administrative structures recede, courts will assume a much greater role in defining Title IX’s scope and enforceability, despite their institutional limitations. This Article argues that the resulting shift will narrow substantive protections, restrict access to justice, and produce fragmented interpretations of Title IX across jurisdictions. It examines the statute’s original design as an evolving administrative framework, explores the barriers marginalized students will face under a litigation-driven model, and explains why courts are ill-equipped to provide consistent, forward-looking guidance. This Article concludes by considering potential legislative reforms to restore national coordination in Title IX enforcement, drawing lessons from Congress’s intervention following Grove City College v. Bell.
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Enhancing Design Guidelines for Metal Powder Bed Fusion: Analyzing Geometric Features to Improve Part QualityAdditive manufacturing (AM) part quality relies on many factors, including part geometry that impacts both the manufacturability and resulting dimensional accuracy of the part. To improve the dimensional accuracy of AM parts, data-driven approaches can be utilized to explore the effect of different process parameters on both simple and complex geometries. However, to provide general design guidelines, it is necessary to develop models and tools that accurately predict geometry-driven distortion across a broad range of geometries, while also being user-interpretable. Identifying and analyzing common part features that contribute to geometrical deviations and using them to design better parts could improve AM part quality. In this paper, a Gaussian process regression surrogate model was trained using 21 geometric features (selected from a set of 92 shape descriptors) from 324 different axisymmetric parts to predict maximum part distortion and identify the features that impact part distortion the most. Validated high-fidelity finite element analysis simulations were used to determine the maximum distortion corresponding to each part. Our results show the surrogate model approach can accurately predict part distortion, with a predictive error of approximately 0.07 mm for the testing set. The findings of this study can have implications for the exploration of new part designs by adjusting these identified features or incorporating them as design rules in AM product designs.
