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Recent Submissions

  • Demonstrating Inclusion and Allyship: Amplifying an Indigenous Voice Through Physical and Digital Exhibition

    Valenzuela, Jaime; University of Arizona, James E. Rogers College of Law (Association of College and Research Libraries, 2024)
    In this chapter, I discuss how I displayed resources to help promote the knowledge that the Navajo people have “always had the rule of law” and to amplify the Navajo writer, Joseph K. Austin, behind that knowledge.3 To support and demonstrate the need for further inclusion, I provide a literature review of scholarship and detail the genesis of the physical and digital exhibits I curated from the works cited by Austin in his article, “The Words of the Talking God: Building and Sustaining Native Nations Through the Common Law.” I describe my collaboration with Austin and other colleagues from my law library and discuss how future collaboration is sustainable.
  • Shifting Gears: A case study of bicycle planning and decision-making in Tucson, Arizona

    Iuliano, Joseph; Keith, Ladd; CAPLA- School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, University of Arizona (University of Westminster Press, 2024-06-28)
    Planners face a complex process from planning projects to final construction and evaluation in cycle planning. Planners tend to coordinate with peers in neighboring cities, advocates, politicians, other policymakers, and researchers to implement cycling plans. Documenting this decision-making process and the sources of information that guide decisions can provide insight into creating better cycling planning research and fostering stronger collaborations. We first provide a brief history of cycle planning in Tucson, Arizona, to demonstrate the current issues and efforts. Then, we present findings from interviews with Tucson planners and an advocate to explore information sources, collaboration, barriers, and opportunities for action for bicycle planning. Our results highlight the need for research presented in consumable ways, particularly through professional networks, and the potential for university outreach offices to assist in public participation and outreach, professional education, and collaboration on data collection and analysis on cycling projects. Focusing on these avenues can strengthen the science to decision-making pipeline. These lessons can also help improve bicycle planning in other communities.
  • Investigating Volumetric Video Creation and Curation for the Digital Humanities: a White Paper Describing Findings from the Project: Preserving BIPOC Expatriates’ Memories During Wartime and Beyond

    Lischer-Katz, Zack; Braggs, Rashida; Carter, Bryan; College of Information; College of Humanities (The University of Arizona Libraries (Tucson, AZ), 2024-04-22)
    Volumetric video capture technologies offer humanities scholars and other researchers new, immersive ways of engaging with historical and cultural knowledge for research and pedagogical purposes; however, the high cost of this technology and a paucity of expert knowledge in the field have limited its adoption. In particular, volumetric video offers rich new possibilities for recording, preserving, and re-experiencing BIPOC (Black, indigenous, and other people of color) stories in immersive detail, which have been underrepresented in the historical record. This technology is still experimental and is typically limited to specialized labs at large research universities. To democratize the technology and ensure that the potential benefits of this new technology can be realized by digital humanities scholars more broadly, a group of researchers at the University of Arizona and Williams College, in collaboration with technical innovators from the world-renowned volumetric capture studio, VoluCap, GmbH, embarked on a project to explore the challenges and potential benefits of volumetric video capture for BIPOC storytelling. The team traveled to Berlin/Potsdam in June 2023 to visit VoluCap Studios and record several volumetric capture videos, including a video of Mike Russell, who told a story about his father’s experiences as an African-American servicemember during World War II. Recording these videos and observing their processing pipeline allowed us to consider the logistical and data curation challenges of this format. Dr. Bryan Carter, lead-PI on the project, is also director of UArizona’s Center for Digital Humanities, which houses a prosumer-level volumetric capture studio. Comparing the workflows at the Center for DH with what was observed at VoluCap allowed the project team to better understand the challenges and benefits of volumetric capture at different scales and levels of quality. Because volumetric videos are expensive and time consuming to create, an important objective of this project was to examine the preservation and curation challenges associated with the digital objects created through the volumetric capture process. Planning for preservation, access, and reuse of volumetric video assets is essential to realizing their full value. This report describes the creation challenges and pedagogical benefits of volumetric video, as well as preservation and curation challenges.
  • Efficient System-Level Design Space Exploration for High-Level Synthesis Using Pareto-Optimal Subspace Pruning

    Liao, Y.; Adegbija, T.; Lysecky, R.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-02-09)
    High-level synthesis (HLS) is a rapidly evolving and popular approach to designing, synthesizing, and optimizing embedded systems. Many HLS methodologies utilize design space exploration (DSE) at the post-synthesis stage to find Pareto-optimal hardware implementations for individual components. However, the design space for the system-level Pareto-optimal configurations is orders of magnitude larger than component-level design space, making existing approaches insufficient for system-level DSE. This paper presents Pruned Genetic Design Space Exploration (PG-DSE)-an approach to post-synthesis DSE that involves a pruning method to effectively reduce the system-level design space and an elitist genetic algorithm to accurately find the system-level Pareto-optimal configurations. We evaluate PG-DSE using an autonomous driving application subsystem (ADAS) and three synthetic systems with extremely large design spaces. Experimental results show that PG-DSE can reduce the design space by several orders of magnitude compared to prior work while achieving higher quality results (an average improvement of 58.1x). © 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
  • Cross-Modality Continuous User Authentication and Device Pairing With Respiratory Patterns

    Islam, S.M.M.; Zheng, Y.; Pan, Y.; Millan, M.; Chang, W.; Li, M.; Boric-Lubecke, O.; Lubecke, V.; Sun, W.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-05-24)
    At-home screening systems for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can bring convenience to remote chronic disease management. However, the unsupervised home environment is subject to spoofing and unintentional interference from the household member. To improve robustness, this work presents SIENNA, an insider-resistant breathing-based authentication/pairing protocol. SIENNA leverages the uniqueness of breathing patterns to automatically and continuously authenticate a user and pairs a mobile OSA app and a physiological monitoring radar system (PRMS). SIENNA does not require biometric enrollment and instead transforms the respiratory measurements taken during the user's routine physical checkup into breathing biometrics comparable with the PRMS readings. Furthermore, it can operate within a noisy multitarget home environment and is secure against a co-located attacker through the usage of joint approximate diagonalization of eignematric-independent component analysis, fuzzy commitment, and friendly jamming. We fully implemented SIENNA and evaluated its performance with medium-scale trials. Results show that SIENNA can achieve reliable (>90% success rate) user authentication and secure device pairing in a noisy environment against an attacker with full knowledge of the authorized user's breathing biometrics. © 2014 IEEE.
  • Influence of personal and collective social capital on flood preparedness and community resilience: Evidence from Old Fadama, Ghana

    Abunyewah, M.; Erdiaw-Kwasie, M.O.; Okyere, S.A.; Thayaparan, G.; Byrne, M.; Lassa, J.; Zander, K.K.; Fatemi, M.N.; Maund, K.; College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, University of Arizona (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-08)
    Social capital constitutes an important resource in vulnerable cities of the developing world where formal disaster management capacities are weak, responses are limited, and socio-economic deprivations run deep along spatial dimensions. Yet, little is known about how the different types of social capital contribute to flood preparedness and better community resilience, particularly in informal settlement settings. Drawing on a survey of 391 respondents in Old Fadama, an informal settlement in Ghana, and using structural equation modelling, we found that personal and collective social capitals are significant predictors of flood preparedness and community resilience. However, collective social capital has a stronger predictive ability than personal social capital. Also, flood preparedness mediated the relationship between personal and collective social capital and community resilience. This makes it imperative for disaster managers and policymakers to recognise and work within the existing individual and collective networks, which has the potential to activate “soft” capital accumulation necessary to transition communities from vulnerability to resilience. © 2023 The Authors
  • Newly identified sex chromosomes in the Sphagnum (peat moss) genome alter carbon sequestration and ecosystem dynamics

    Healey, A.L.; Piatkowski, B.; Lovell, J.T.; Sreedasyam, A.; Carey, S.B.; Mamidi, S.; Shu, S.; Plott, C.; Jenkins, J.; Lawrence, T.; et al. (Nature Research, 2023-02-06)
    Peatlands are crucial sinks for atmospheric carbon but are critically threatened due to warming climates. Sphagnum (peat moss) species are keystone members of peatland communities where they actively engineer hyperacidic conditions, which improves their competitive advantage and accelerates ecosystem-level carbon sequestration. To dissect the molecular and physiological sources of this unique biology, we generated chromosome-scale genomes of two Sphagnum species: S. divinum and S. angustifolium. Sphagnum genomes show no gene colinearity with any other reference genome to date, demonstrating that Sphagnum represents an unsampled lineage of land plant evolution. The genomes also revealed an average recombination rate an order of magnitude higher than vascular land plants and short putative U/V sex chromosomes. These newly described sex chromosomes interact with autosomal loci that significantly impact growth across diverse pH conditions. This discovery demonstrates that the ability of Sphagnum to sequester carbon in acidic peat bogs is mediated by interactions between sex, autosomes and environment. © 2023, The Author(s).
  • Extending quantum key distribution through proxy re-encryption

    Lemons, N.; Gelfand, B.; Lawrence, N.; Thresher, A.; Tripp, J.L.; Gammel, W.P.; Nadiga, A.; Meier, K.; Newell, R.; Program in Applied Mathematics, The University of Arizona (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-06-29)
    Modern quantum key distribution (QKD) network designs are based on sending photons from one node to another and require free-space or dedicated fiber optic cables between nodes. The purpose of this is to co-generate secret key material on both sides of the quantum channel. In addition to this quantum link, there are several insecure classical channels that allow QKD algorithms to exchange book-keeping information and send symmetrically encrypted data. The attenuation of photons transmitted through fiber becomes too high to practically generate key material over fiber at distances of more than 100 km. Free-space transmission through the atmosphere or the vacuum of space can reduce attenuation, but at the cost of system complexity and sensitivity to other impairments, such as weather. To extend the effective range of QKD networks, we present a method that combines QKD algorithms with post-quantum, homomorphic key-switching to allow multiple parties to effectively share secret key material over longer distances through semi-trusted relay nodes. We define how such a system should work for arbitrary network topologies and provide proofs that our scheme is both correct and secure. We assess the feasibility of this solution by building and evaluating two implementations based on lattice-based cryptography: learning with errors. © 2009-2012 Optica Publishing Group.
  • A Framework to Assess Remote Sensing Algorithms for Satellite-Based Flood Index Insurance

    Thomas, M.; Tellman, E.; Osgood, D.E.; Devries, B.; Islam, A.S.; Steckler, M.S.; Goodman, M.; Billah, M.; Department of Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-02-10)
    Remotely sensed data have the potential to monitor natural hazards and their consequences on socioeconomic systems. However, in much of the world, inadequate validation data of disaster damage make reliable use of satellite data difficult. We attempt to strengthen the use of satellite data for one application-flood index insurance-which has the potential to manage the largely uninsured losses from floods. Flood index insurance is a particularly challenging application of remote sensing due to floods' speed, unpredictability, and the significant data validation required. We propose a set of criteria for assessing remote sensing flood index insurance algorithm performance and provide a framework for remote sensing application validation in data-poor environments. Within these criteria, we assess several validation metrics-spatial accuracy compared to high-resolution PlanetScope imagery (F1), temporal consistency as compared to river water levels (Spearman's ρ), and correlation to government damage data (R2)-that measure index performance. With these criteria, we develop a Sentinel-1 flood inundation time series in Bangladesh at high spatial (10 m) and temporal (∼weekly) resolution and compare it to a previous Sentinel-1 algorithm and a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series used in flood index insurance. Results show that the adapted Sentinel-1 algorithm (F1avg = 0.925, ρavg = 0.752, R2 = 0.43) significantly outperforms previous Sentinel-1 and MODIS algorithms on the validation criteria. Beyond Bangladesh, our proposed validation criteria can be used to develop and validate better remote sensing products for index insurance and other flood applications in places with inadequate ground truth damage data. © 2008-2012 IEEE.
  • The prediction of uneven snowpack response to forest thinning informs forest restoration in the central Sierra Nevada

    Lewis, G.; Harpold, A.; Krogh, S.A.; Broxton, P.; Manley, P.N.; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-08-29)
    The Sierra Nevada has experienced unprecedented wildfires and reduced snowmelt runoff in recent decades, due partially to anthropogenic climate change and over a century of fire suppression. To address these challenges, public land agencies are planning forest restoration treatments, which have the potential to both increase water availability and reduce the likelihood of uncontrollable wildfires. However, the impact of forest restoration on snowpack is site specific and not well understood across gradients of climate and topography. To improve our understanding of how forest restoration might impact snowpack across diverse conditions in the central Sierra Nevada, we run the high-resolution (1 m) energy and mass balance Snow Physics and Lidar Mapping (SnowPALM) model across five 23–75 km2 subdomains in the region where forest thinning is planned or recently completed. We conduct two virtual thinning experiments by removing all trees shorter than 10 or 20 m tall and rerunning SnowPALM to calculate the change in meltwater input. Our results indicate heterogeneous responses to thinning due to differences in climate and wind across our five central Sierra Nevada subdomains. We also predict the largest increases in snow retention when thinning forests with tall (7–20 m) and dense (40–70% canopy cover) trees, highlighting the importance of pre-thinning vegetation structure. We develop a decision support tool using a random forests model to determine which regions would most benefit from thinning. In many locations, we expect major forest restoration to increase snow accumulation, while other areas with short and sparse canopies, as well as sunny and windy climates, are more likely to see decreased snowpack following thinning. Our decision support tool provides stand-scale (30 m) information to land managers across the central Sierra Nevada region to best take advantage of climate and existing forest structure to obtain the greatest snowpack benefits from forest restoration. © 2023 The Authors. Ecohydrology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • The gauge coupled two-body problem in a ring

    Priestley, J.; Valentí-Rojas, G.; Wright, E.M.; Öhberg, P.; Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona (Institute of Physics, 2023-01-23)
    We study the properties of two quantum particles which are confined in a ring. The particles interact via a long-range gauge potential proportional to the distance between the particles. It is found that the two-body ground state corresponds to a state with non-zero angular momentum provided that the interaction between the particles is strong enough. In addition, the particles are correlated in the sense that depending on the interaction strength there is a propensity to be found close together or separated in the ring. We discuss the effect of measuring the position of one of the particles and thereby removing the particle from the ring, where we show that the remaining particle can be prepared in a non-dispersive state with non-zero angular momentum. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
  • Utility of the social vulnerability index to risk stratify atrial fibrillation mortality outcomes

    Ibrahim, R.; Ravi, S.; Habib, A.; Lee, J.Z.; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-05-24)
    Background: Multiple methods of quantifying social determinants of health exist, such as the social vulnerability index (SVI). We assess the impact of the SVI on atrial fibrillation (AF)-related cardiovascular disease mortality. Methods: CDC databases were used to obtain mortality and SVI information. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were compared among all US counties, aggregated by SVI quartiles. Results: AAMR was not increased in counties within the highest SVI quartile, consistent across gender and geographic subgroups. Conclusions: Increased SVI is a poor marker to predict mortality outcomes associated with AF. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Arrhythmia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Heart Rhythm Society.
  • Sensitive near-infrared circularly polarized light detection via non-fullerene acceptor blends

    Wan, L.; Zhang, R.; Cho, E.; Li, H.; Coropceanu, V.; Brédas, J.-L.; Gao, F.; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona (Nature Research, 2023-06-08)
    Circularly polarized light (CPL) is widely used for various applications in sensing and imaging1–3. An ongoing challenge is to realize high-quality CPL detection using chiral organic semiconductors, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) region4. Chiral molecules tend to rely on twisted stereogenic moieties; however, conventional approaches to reduce the bandgap of organic semiconductors are based on the use of co-planar backbones that commonly lead to molecular symmetries preventing chirality. Here we report a widely applicable strategy to directly induce chiroptical activity in planar non-fullerene acceptors5–7, which are widely used for high-performance organic photovoltaics and provide a wealth of opportunities to fill the spectral gap of CPL detection in the NIR regime. We demonstrate proof-of-concept circularly polarized organic photodiodes using chiroptically active non-fullerene acceptor blends, which exhibit strong circular dichroism and hence great sensitivity to CPL in the NIR region. Importantly, this strategy is found to be effective in a wide series of state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptor families including ITIC5, o-IDTBR6 and Y6 analogues7, which substantially broadens the range of materials applicable to NIR CPL detection. © 2023, The Author(s).
  • In Situ Thermolysis of a Ni Salt on Amorphous Carbon and Graphene Oxide Substrates

    Tamadoni, Saray, M.; Yurkiv, V.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R.; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-04-23)
    Understanding the thermal decomposition of metal salt precursors on carbon structures is essential for the controlled synthesis of metal-decorated carbon nanomaterials. Here, the thermolysis of a Ni precursor salt, NiCl2·6H2O, on amorphous carbon (a-C) and graphene oxide (GO) substrates is explored using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Thermal decomposition of NiCl2·6H2O on GO occurs at higher temperatures and slower kinetics than on a-C substrate. This is correlated to a higher activation barrier for Cl2 removal calculated by the density functional theory, strong Ni-GO interaction, high-density oxygen functional groups, defects, and weak van der Waals using GO substrate. The thermolysis of NiCl2·6H2O proceeds via multistep decomposition stages into the formation of Ni nanoparticles with significant differences in their size and distribution depending on the substrate. Using GO substrates leads to nanoparticles with 500% smaller average sizes and higher thermal stability than a-C substrate. Ni nanoparticles showcase the fcc crystal structure, and no size effect on the stability of the crystal structure is observed. These findings demonstrate the significant role of carbon substrate on nanoparticle formation and growth during the thermolysis of carbon–metal heterostructures. This opens new venues to engineer stable, supported catalysts and new carbon-based sensors and filtering devices. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
  • Correlating the Hybridization of Local-Exciton and Charge-Transfer States with Charge Generation in Organic Solar Cells

    Qian, D.; Pratik, S.M.; Liu, Q.; Dong, Y.; Zhang, R.; Yu, J.; Gasparini, N.; Wu, J.; Zhang, T.; Coropceanu, V.; et al. (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-07-21)
    In organic solar cells with very small energetic-offset (ΔELE − CT), the charge-transfer (CT) and local-exciton (LE) states strongly interact via electronic hybridization and thermal population effects, suppressing the non-radiative recombination. Here, we investigated the impact of these effects on charge generation and recombination. In the blends of PTO2:C8IC and PTO2:Y6 with very small, ultra-fast CT state formation was observed, and assigned to direct photoexcitation resulting from strong hybridization of the LE and CT states (i.e., LE-CT intermixed states). These states in turn accelerate the recombination of both CT and charge separated (CS) states. Moreover, they can be significantly weakened by an external-electric field, which enhanced the yield of CT and CS states but attenuated the emission of the device. This study highlights that excessive LE-CT hybridization due to very low, whilst enabling direct and ultrafast charge transfer and increasing the proportion of radiative versus non-radiative recombination rates, comes at the expense of accelerating recombination losses competing with exciton-to-charge conversion process, resulting in a loss of photocurrent generation. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced Energy Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
  • Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope signature of Carboniferous and older strata of the Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon, Canadian Cordillera: Implications for terrane correlations and the onset of Late Devonian arc magmatism

    Kroeger, E.D.L.; McClelland, W.C.; Colpron, M.; Piercey, S.J.; Gehrels, G.E.; Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona (Geological Society of America, 2023-05-19)
    The Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon, Canada, records Late Devonian (ca. 366–360 Ma) rifting and the onset of latest Devonian–Carboniferous arc and back-arc magmatism (ca. 360–325 Ma) in the Northern Cordillera. Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope analyses indicate that the metasedimentary basement of the Yukon-Tanana terrane was sourced in northwestern Laurentia. Sandstones in Late Devonian–Carboniferous successions generally have robust Late Devonian–Mississippian age peaks, and their Hf isotope signatures are characterized by strongly negative εHft values in Late Devonian zircons followed by progressively more juvenile εHft values in Carboniferous zircons. This Hf isotopic “pull-up” reflects the melting of Precambrian crust related to regional extension in the Late Devonian, followed by progressively more juvenile magmatism as the arc matured through the Carboniferous. Paleozoic rocks of the Tracy Arm terrane in southeastern Alaska, USA (formerly Yukon-Tanana south), have been compared with the Yukon-Tanana terrane in Yukon. Detrital zircons from the metasedimentary basement to the Tracy Arm terrane have distinct Precambrian populations that indicate sources along a different segment of the Laurentian margin compared to basement of the Yukon-Tanana terrane. Magmatism in the Tracy Arm terrane ranges from 440 Ma to 360 Ma and is characterized by an Hf isotopic “pull-down” in the Silurian to Early Devonian, followed by a “pull-up” in the Middle to Late Devonian and a second “pull-down” in the Late Devonian to early Mississippian. Thus, the Yukon-Tanana and Tracy Arm terranes record distinct pre-Carboniferous histories. Interactions between these two terranes are suggested by the influx of exotic early Mississippian clasts and detrital zircons on the Tracy Arm terrane that match sources in the Yukon-Tanana terrane. © 2023 The Authors
  • Identifying sources of non-unique detrital age distributions through integrated provenance analysis: An example from the Paleozoic Central Colorado Trough

    Smith, T.M.; Saylor, J.E.; Lapen, T.J.; Hatfield, K.; Sundell, K.E.; Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona (Geological Society of America, 2023-01-18)
    To address the longstanding issue of provenance interpretation of non-unique detrital zircon age populations, we integrated zircon U-Pb, rare earth element (REE), and εHf(t) data from upper Paleozoic strata in the northern Central Colorado Trough and Cambrian intrusions with petrography, paleocurrent data, and structural and stratigraphic observations. This data set indicates that Cambrian sediment was shed by multiple local sources instead of distant sources hundreds of kilometers away, and it reveals a detailed history of tectonic drainage reorganization in the northern Central Colorado Trough during Ancestral Rocky Mountain deformation. During the Early–Middle Pennsylvanian, Cambrian detrital zircons were a minor constituent of northern Central Colorado Trough sediment. However, during the Late Pennsylvanian–early Permian, westward advancement of the adjacent Apishapa Uplift deformation front precipitated drainage reorganization, which resulted in an episode of dominant Cambrian detrital zircon sourcing. Paleocurrent and petrographic data indicate that the source of Cambrian detritus was shed by an igneous rock body that was ≤15 km northeast of the depocenter, which has since been eroded away or mantled by Tertiary volcanic rocks. The addition of zircon petrochronology to the data set applied here was critical in confirming this hidden source of detritus and elucidating the compositional characteristics of that igneous rock. Zircon εHf(t) provided a regional provenance indicator of a western Laurentian affinity, and REE composition aided in discriminating possible local sources of Cambrian zircon. Furthermore, this work serves as a case study of a dominant Cambrian detrital zircon signature sourced from outside of the well-known Amarillo-Wichita Uplift, and it has implications for the interpretation of such detrital spectra in the context of a direct-from- basement source or the recycling of Cambrian zircon-dominated rocks. In summary, we demonstrate the utility of this multi-provenance proxy approach in interpreting a complex structural history of a dynamic hinterland and concomitant drainage reorganization through an in-depth investigation into the basin record © 2023,Geosphere. All Rights Reserved.
  • Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with dementia-related and non–dementia-related mortality among postmenopausal women: A secondary competing risks analysis of the women's health initiative

    Titcomb, T.J.; Richey, P.; Casanova, R.; Phillips, L.S.; Liu, S.; Karanth, S.D.; Saquib, N.; Nuño, T.; Manson, J.E.; Shadyab, A.H.; et al. (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-08-10)
    INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) are leading causes of death among older adults in the United States. Efforts to understand risk factors for prevention are needed. METHODS: Participants (n = 146,166) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative without AD at baseline were included. Diabetes status was ascertained from self-reported questionnaires and deaths attributed to AD/ADRD from hospital, autopsy, and death records. Competing risk regression models were used to estimate the cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prospective association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with AD/ADRD and non-AD/ADRD mortality. RESULTS: There were 29,393 treated T2DM cases and 8628 AD/ADRD deaths during 21.6 (14.0–23.5) median (IQR) years of follow-up. Fully adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the association with T2DM were 2.94 (2.76–3.12) for AD/ADRD and 2.65 (2.60–2.71) for the competing risk of non-AD/ADRD mortality. DISCUSSION: T2DM is associated with AD/ADRD and non-AD/ADRD mortality. Highlights: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)/AD and related dementias (ADRD) mortality compared to the competing risk of non-AD/ADRD mortality among postmenopausal women. This relationship was consistent for AD and ADRD, respectively. This association is strongest among participants without obesity or hypertension and with younger age at baseline, higher diet quality, higher physical activity, higher alcohol consumption, and older age at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.
  • Radix+: High-throughput georeferencing and data ingestion over voluminous and fast-evolving phenotyping sensor data

    Mitra, S.; Roselius, M.; Andrade-Sanchez, P.; McKay, J.K.; Pallickara, S.L.; Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-02-16)
    Remote sensing of plant traits and their environment facilitates non-invasive, high-throughput monitoring of the plant's physiological characteristics. However, voluminous observational data generated by such autonomous sensor networks overwhelms scientific users when they have to analyze the data. In order to provide a scalable and effective analysis environment, there is a need for storage and analytics that support high-throughput data ingestion while preserving spatiotemporal and sensor-specific characteristics. Also, the framework should enable modelers and scientists to run their analytics while coping with the fast and continuously evolving nature of the dataset. In this paper, we present Radix+, a high-throughput distributed data storage system for supporting scalable georeferencing, and interactive query-based spatiotemporal analytics with trackable data integrity. We include empirical evaluations performed on a commodity machine cluster with up to 1 TB of data. Our benchmarks demonstrate subsecond latency for majority of our evaluated queries and (Formula presented.) improvement in data ingestion rate over systems such as Geomesa. © 2023 The Authors. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature

    Jagannathan, K.; Emmanuel, G.; Arnott, J.; Mach, K.J.; Bamzai-Dodson, A.; Goodrich, K.; Meyer, R.; Neff, M.; Sjostrom, K.D.; Timm, K.M.F.; et al. (Elsevier Ltd, 2023-06)
    Linking science with action affords a prime opportunity to leverage greater societal impact from research and increase the use of evidence in decision-making. Success in these areas depends critically upon processes of producing and mobilizing knowledge, as well as supporting and making decisions. For decades, scholars have idealized and described these social processes in different ways, resulting in numerous assumptions that now variously guide engagements at the interface of science and society. We systematically catalog these assumptions based on prior research on the science-policy interface, and further distill them into a set of 26 claims. We then elicit expert perspectives (n = 16) about these claims to assess the extent to which they are accurate or merit further examination. Out of this process, we construct a research agenda to motivate future scientific research on actionable knowledge, prioritizing areas that experts identified as critical gaps in understanding of the science-society interface. The resulting agenda focuses on how to define success, support intermediaries, build trust, and evaluate the importance of consensus and its alternatives – all in the diverse contexts of science-society-decision-making interactions. We further raise questions about the centrality of knowledge in these interactions, discussing how a governance lens might be generative of efforts to support more equitable processes and outcomes. We offer these suggestions with hopes of furthering the science of actionable knowledge as a transdisciplinary area of inquiry. © 2023 The Authors

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