In this essay I will compare depictions of women in Northern Renaissance prints and the modern media in order to reveal the roots of stereotypical representations of women. Women who go against the status quo are represented as witches so as to prey on societal fears of female sexuality and dominance. Printmaking and the modern media both represent women with a binary understanding of femininity. How these stereotypes of women are represented in the media today have roots in Northern Renaissance prints that were heavily influenced by the Malleus Maleficarum, the first treatise on witches and the occult. This treatise utilized gendered stereotypes to describe witches, thus generating a fear of the occult that manifests as a fear of female power, particularly as it pertains to sexuality. Part one focuses on the Malleus Maleficarum as it was applied to various works of art during the 15th and 16th centuries. Part two will prove that the iconographic references utilized during the Northern Renaissance have continued on as unconscious bias within society, manifesting in the way women are represented in the media. Understanding these roots is an important step towards understanding why women have historically been relegated to a second-class status.

“Why Stay” is a play about an abusive relationship from the end to the beginning. People often ask women or men who have been in abusive relationships, “Why stay?” By showing a relationship in reverse chronological order, the intent of the piece was to delve into that question and show a new perspective. This piece was created by interviewing women who are currently or have been in domestically abusive relationships. By using their answers, the main two characters were then crafted. The piece culminated in a staged reading and was attending by faculty and students from the school of theatre, film and television. This piece is important because Tucson is a community with Emerge, a domestic abuse shelter, and yet people are not comfortable discussing their situations. They often feel ashamed of their past, so this play is a chance to change that perception.

The Visitation and the other seven panels in the altarpiece by the Master of the Catholic Kings are still a mystery in many ways. However, analyzing them in their political, religious and gender contexts suggests that they serve as a powerful example of political propaganda produced in favor of the Catholic monarchs. The altarpiece allows for the veneration of the saints and in the Master’s altarpiece in particular, the key saint being depicted is the Virgin Mary. It is currently believed that the Master’s altarpiece was commissioned by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. Their daughter, Juana of Castile, was perceived by the public as being mentally unwell and thus not fit for leadership. In an effort to improve her image before she married Philip of Hapsburg and assumed the throne, they had this altarpiece created with Mary made in the image of Juana. Throughout the scenes of Mary’s life that are depicted, she embodies many characteristics of the ideal woman: pious, maternal and obedient. In supporting that Juana embodies these traits, the King and Queen hope to counter the public’s concern about Juana’s mental illness and to provide an alternate image of her as the perfect queen to lead Spain.

Prior research has examined perceptions of adults who violate gender stereotypes and shown on numerous occasions that these adults are at risk for receiving social and economic repercussions in the form of perceptual evaluations. However, research has yet to address whether the negative judgements of and backlash against gender nonconforming adults will be transferred onto perceptions of their children. The current study investigates how adults perceive children belonging to non-traditional (i.e., gender non-stereotypical parental roles) and traditional households by showing adults illustrations of these ostensible children within the family context. Results show that parents belonging to non-traditional families were generally perceived in accordance with backlash theory. The non-traditional mother received higher rating of perceived success, but lower rating of perceived morality in comparison to their non-violating other. While the non-traditional father was perceived as more likable but less successful then the non-traditional mother and received lower rating of success in comparison to their non-violating other. These findings did not extend to children in the way that was originally hypothesized, and instead non-traditional children received ratings similarly to children with traditional parents but received a boost in perceived success and likelihood to pursue counter stereotypical occupations.

We investigate the sequence of hyperoperations, which begins with addition, multiplication, andexponentiation. The nth hyperoperation is defined by iterating the previous operation. We address the problem of extending hyperoperations to non-integer values. We show existence of an analytic solution, and present several approaches to construction.

The polarization effects of optical systems are often hard to characterize with industry standard equipment. Polaris-M is a polarization ray tracing software that calculates the polarization effects of any optical system. This project demonstrated the efficacy of Polaris-M by modeling some commercial optics and verifying the results through measurements with the RGB950 polarimeter. The RGB950 is a custom-made Axometrics polarimeter that operates in the visible range and at 947 nm. The angular dependence of the polarimeter was also modeled by analysing data taken of air samples. Furthermore, a novel division of amplitude polarimeter was built from stock visible spectrum optics and its polarimetric performance was calculated with both a Polaris-M model and RGB950 measurements. The software models of the different optical elements tested by the polarimeter are complete and corresponding Mueller matrices were compared to measured Mueller matrix data. This includes models for a non-polarizing cube beamsplitter, a solid corner cube and the DoAP. The resulting software characterizing the polarimeter shall be presented to the Polarization Lab at the University of Arizona for use in predicting polarization measurements and verifying instrument performance.

The paper Wide Area Drone Situational Awareness gives an in-depth walk through the Eyes in the Dark (EitD) drone detection system. The EitD system was designed to scan a portion of the sky for the presence of a drone. If the system detects a drone, EitD then uses its ability to alert a user to the detected object. Raytheon created the project to help secure small private airports from the ever-growing threat of small hobby drones. The EitD prototype satisfies all functional requirements except for the 400m distance requirement, which was not obtainable within the budget for the project. Both physical testing and theoretical analysis is presented to demonstrate the systems capabilities and areas of future work.

Autobiographical memory is overgeneral in both current and remitted major depressive disorder. This cognitive pattern has been hypothesized to be one of the contributing vulnerabilities that makes relapse of depression a significant public health issue. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) targets depressive relapse, and prior literature suggests that MBCT improves autobiographical memory. This thesis investigates the effect of an online version of MBCT on autobiographical memory in formerly depressed women using a quantitative measure of memory specificity. Formerly depressed women and healthy controls completed an Autobiographical Memory Test at two sessions, between which the formerly depressed participants underwent an 8-week online MBCT intervention. Healthy controls demonstrated greater memory specificity than formerly depressed women at both sessions, but trend for a group by time interaction was found such that formerly depressed women experienced a greater increase in memory specificity between sessions. Furthermore, an association was found for formerly depressed women between reductions in depressive symptoms and increases in memory specificity, suggesting that a positive response to MBCT is related to improvements in autobiographical memory. This study implicates effects on memory specificity as a mechanism of change by which MBCT prevents depressive relapse, making this a potential target to refine interventions.