Law enforcement agencies across the United States have begun to focus on innovative knowledge management technologies to aid in the analysis of criminal information. The use of such technologies can serve as intelligence tools to combat criminal activity by aiding in case investigation or even by predicting criminal activity. Funded by the National Institute of Justice, the University of Arizonaâ s Artificial Intelligence Lab has teamed with the Tucson Police Department (TPD) to develop the Coplink Concept Space application, which serves to uncover relationships between different types of information currently existing in TPDâ s records management system. A small-scale field study involving real law enforcement personnel indicates that the use of Coplink Concept Space can reduce the time spent on the investigative task of linking criminal information as well as provide strong arguments for expanded development of similar knowledge management systems in support of law enforcement.

The point of departure of this presentation is the challenges facing Information Science and the information profession. It provides a strategy for how to understand and address information problems and a vision about the role of information professionals in the Knowledge Society. The basic assumption is that any question put to a library or information service can be viewed from different perspectives and that the ability to identify, evaluate and negotiate different perspectives is the way advanced information services differentiate themselves from more primitive kinds of information services. Although it is technological advanced that IR-systems can retrieve documents based on, for example, combinations of words, are such systems primitive in relation to what is needed when information is searched. Knowledge itself is organized socially according to the social division of labour in society (e.g. in disciplines and trades). It is also organized intellectually into theories. Although facts exist, it is the best strategy for information science to assume the principle of fallibilism and to consider all knowledge as provisory and principally open to revision and modification. â Informationâ should thus be understood as â knowledge claimsâ produced on the basis of certain preunderstandings and interests. Information services should therefore not just communicate fragmented claims, but should contribute to the mapping of the structures in which knowledge is organized and also provide contextual information needed for evaluating specific knowledge claims. Different perspectives on a given issue tend to develop their own languages, genres, documents, citation patterns, symbolic systems and cultural products. By considering such connections may a lot of indicators be used to identify different perspectives on a given topic. The basic tasks for libraries and information science is to help users conceptualize and search for knowledge claims based on the understanding that any given claim is always produced from a specific perspective, which are often connected with specific social interests and with specific epistemological assumptions.

Web archives are an important source of information. However, before a Web archive can be properly utilized, it needs to be catalogued. This is to ensure that the accessed materials yield the historical understanding intended by the researcher. At the same time, the dynamic nature of the Web will easily render these catalogues outdated, and there is a constant need to monitor when the Web catalogues become irrelevant upon change of the Web content. This means a substantial amount of human effort is required to maintain the catalogue records for the Web archives, adding additional burden to any institutions that maintain it. In this paper, we propose an automatic mechanism to monitor changes in Web content, so that human workload can be reduced. The system combines two component technologies to make this possible: (1) a contextualized annotation module and (2) an evidence change detection module. Contextualized annotation enables the cataloguing process to link content on the Web page (the evidence), to the value assigned for an element of a metadata schema. Thus, the metadata is â supportedâ by certain Web content that functions as evidence for a cataloguing decision. Regardless of changes in the webpages outside of the evidence, the metadata remains valid as long as all the evidence remains the same. In order to achieve evidence-specific change detection, we need to extend the traditional Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) based Diff engine using a Page Coordinate translation algorithm, which we argue, through a survey, is the first among many other Web content monitoring approaches.

DLIST is the Digital Library of Information Science and Technology, a repository of electronic resources in the domains of Library and Information Science (LIS) and Information Technology (IT). Initial collection development scope is in Information Literacy and Informetrics. Academics, researchers, and practitioners create a wealth of content that includes published papers, instructional materials, tutorials for software and databases, bibliographies, pathfinders, bibliometric datasets, dissertations and reports. DLIST aims to capture this wealth of information in a library that is openly available for re-use and global dissemination. Open deposit processes where authors retain copyright and facilities for full-text storage in a variety of formats are used. A demonstration of DLIST along with the steps to register, deposit, and use materials is a part of the oral presentation at CALIBER 2003, Ahmedabad, India. UK and US experiences in building institutional repositories and strategies for international consortia building for resource sharing using DLIST are also outlined.

Aggregated journal-journal citation networks based on the Journal Citation Reports 2004 of the Science Citation Index (5968 journals) and the Social Science Citation Index (1712 journals) are made accessible from the perspective of any of these journals. A vectorspace model is used for normalization, and the results are brought online at http://www.leydesdorff.net/jcr04 as input-files for the visualization program Pajek. The user is thus able to analyze the citation environment in terms of links and graphs. Furthermore, the local impact of a journal is defined as its share of the total citations in the specific journal's citation environments; the vertical size of the nodes is varied proportionally to this citation impact. The horizontal size of each node can be used to provide the same information after correction for within-journal (self-)citations. In the "citing" environment, the equivalents of this measure can be considered as a citation activity index which maps how the relevant journal environment is perceived by the collective of authors of a given journal. As a policy application, the mechanism of interdisciplinary developments among the sciences is elaborated for the case of nanotechnology journals.

Scientific models are critical, analytical tools and objects that can be included in digital libraries. This paper presents a preliminary classification scheme for the cataloging of scientific models. Scientific models are defined as works and the classification is based on facet analysis and corroborated by an user study.

The basic building block of a multilingual information retrieval system is the input system. Chinese and Japanese characters pose great challenges for the conventional 101-key alphabet-based keyboard, because they are radical-based and number in the thousands. This paper reviews the development of various approaches and then presents a framework and working demonstrations of Chinese and Japanese input methods implemented in Java, which allow open deployment over the web to any platform, The demo includes both popular keyboard input methods and neural network handwriting recognition using a mouse or pen. This framework is able to accommodate future extension to other input mediums and languages of interest.

We are finding ourselves in a rapidly growing and complex digital environment which has in turn increased our dependency on information. But there is increasing evidence that our information skills are not keeping pace in any systematic fashion. We all need help to sharpen the techniques and skills to manage information. Present paper is an attempt to present the current status of information literacy and the emerging roles of libraries and schools of LIS education in augmenting the information literacy campaign.

This is a preprint of a paper published. Dervos, D. and Coleman, A. (2006). A Common Sense Approach to Defining Data, Information and Metadata. Advances in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings of the Ninth International Society for Knowledge Organization 2006 Conference, Vienna. June 2006, Edited by G. Budin and C. Swertz. Berlin: Ergon. Abstract: Many competing definitions for the terms data, information, metadata, and knowledge can be traced in the library and information science literature. The lack of a clear consensus in the way reference is made to the corresponding fundamental concepts is intensified if one considers additional disciplinary perspectives, e.g. database technology, data mining, etc. In the present paper, we use a common sense approach borrowed from the data mining community, which has successfully solved many data processing problems, to selectively survey the literature, and define these terms in a way that can advance the interdisciplinary development of information systems.

Many commercial full-text databases and digital libraries provide keyword and preferred-term (subject) indexing, but few allow participatory tagging of content by users or provide ontologies in support of natural language information retrieval. Consequently, keyword and subject searching strategies still matter. But keyword searching, because it can yield results high in recall and low in precision, is often seen as a beginner's strategy best replaced by subject searching using authoritative headings and descriptors. In certain circumstance explored in this essay, keyword searching may be quite effective in and of itself for retrieving digitized primary sources for the study of history.