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    Development of high-yield autofluorescent protein microarrays using hybrid cell-free expression with combined Escherichia coli S30 and wheat germ extracts

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    Author
    Zarate, Xristo
    Henderson, David
    Phillips, Keenan
    Lake, April
    Galbraith, David
    Affiliation
    BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
    Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
    Issue Date
    2010
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    BioMed Central
    Citation
    Zárate et al. Proteome Science 2010, 8:32 http://www.proteomesci.com/content/8/1/32
    Journal
    Proteome Science
    Rights
    © 2010 Zárate et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
    Collection Information
    This item is part of the UA Faculty Publications collection. For more information this item or other items in the UA Campus Repository, contact the University of Arizona Libraries at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND:Protein-based microarray platforms offer considerable promise as high-throughput technologies in proteomics. Particular advantages are provided by self-assembling protein microarrays and much interest centers around analysis of eukaryotic proteins and their molecular interactions. Efficient cell-free protein synthesis is paramount for the production of self-assembling protein microarrays, requiring optimal transcription, translation, and protein folding. The Escherichia coli S30 extract demonstrates high translation rates but lacks the protein-folding efficiency of its eukaryotic counterparts derived from rabbit reticulocyte and wheat germ extract. In comparison to E. coli, eukaryotic extracts, on the other hand, exhibit slower translation rates and poor overall protein yields. A cell-free expression system that synthesizes folded eukaryotic proteins in considerable yields would optimize in vitro translation for protein microarray assembly.RESULTS:Self-assembling autofluorescent protein microarrays were produced by in situ transcription and translation of chimeric proteins containing a C-terminal Green Fluorescent Protein tag. Proteins were immobilized as array elements using an anti-GFP monoclonal antibody. The amounts of correctly-folded chimeric proteins were quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity from each array element. During cell-free expression, very little or no fluorescence was observed from GFP-tagged multidomain eukaryotic plant proteins when in vitro translation was performed with E. coli S30 extract. Improvement was seen using wheat germ extract, but fluorescence intensities were still low because of poor protein yields. A hybrid in vitro translation system, combining S30 and wheat germ extracts, produced high levels of correctly-folded proteins for most of the constructs that were tested.CONCLUSION:The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the wheat germ extract enhances the protein folding capabilities of the in vitro system by providing eukaryotic ribosomes and chaperones and, at the same time, the E. coli S30 extract, which includes an ATP regeneration system, translates the polypeptides at high rates. This hybrid cell-free expression system allows the facile production of high-yield protein arrays suitable for downstream assays.
    EISSN
    1477-5956
    DOI
    10.1186/1477-5956-8-32
    Version
    Final published version
    Additional Links
    http://www.proteomesci.com/content/8/1/32
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/1477-5956-8-32
    Scopus Count
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    UA Faculty Publications

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