TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION FOR MODERN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

Abstract

In the early days of communications, broad band systems were commonplace and required little specialized frequency management or timing. In those days the availability of frequencies in the spectrum were plentiful and it no doubt seemed that the frequency spectrum was infinitely large. As the need for communications has grown over the years, more complex communications systems have continuously been developed. These systems include both time domain and frequency domain modulation techniques which require a variety of specialized frequency management and timing. While the timing and frequency management requirements of communication systems are usually transparent to the user, they represent a major concern and require careful study on the part of the systems engineer in selecting the appropriate technique for the system that he or she is designing.