Frequency of Exhibited Symptoms in the Exposure to Synthetic Cathinones

Abstract

Specific Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence of symptoms associated after exposure to “bath salts,” a term for synthetic cathinones in Arizona. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of reported exposures to synthetic cathinones to the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center and the Banner Good Samaritan Poison and Drug Information Center. Main Results: There were 306 cases of synthetic cathinone exposures reviewed and 76.5% were males (n=234) and 23.5% were females (n=72). They were ingested, inhaled, snorted, or injected. The mean age of exposure to synthetic cathinones was 29 years old. The most common symptoms included agitation (48.7%), hallucinations (27.1%), confusion (17.6%), hypertension (21.9%), tachycardia (50.6%), CK elevation (17.3%) and chest pain (9.5%). Less frequent symptoms exhibited in synthetic cathinone abuse included other CNS effects, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscular dysfunction, visual disturbances, and respiratory issues. Conclusions: The symptoms exhibited after exposure to synthetic cathinones were mainly neurologic and cardiovascular. In most cases, symptoms were effectively resolved within 24 to 48 hours after treatment with intravenous fluids and benzodiazepines. In some reports, patients were also given oxygen, anti-emetics, sedatives and anti-psychotic medications. Medical outcomes included major (1.6%), moderate (42.2%) and minor effects (26.1%) while 92 patients were lost to follow-up.