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    Ground-water flow and interaction with surface water in San Bernardino valley, Cochise county, Arizona and Sonora, Mexico

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    Author
    Davis, Laura Agnes
    Maddock, Thomas, III
    Nish, Robert Mac
    Affiliation
    Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, The University of Arizona
    Issue Date
    1997-01
    
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    Publisher
    Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)
    Rights
    Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents
    Collection Information
    This title from the Hydrology & Water Resources Technical Reports collection is made available by the Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences and the University Libraries, University of Arizona. If you have questions about titles in this collection, please contact repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    In the center of San Bernardino Valley in southeastern Arizona, San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge provides unique wetlands habitat for endangered fish and wildlife. Confined conditions exist within the refuge, producing springs, artesian wells, and perennial pools along Black Draw, the main surface-water drainage. A numerical flow model was constructed in order to understand the hydrogeologic system of the basin. Annual inflows to the basin include 50,171 acre-feet of mountain-front recharge, 4,360 acft of underflow, and 7,074 ac-ft of river leakage. Annual outflows consist of 57,704 ac-ft of underflow, 3,010 ac-ft of river leakage, 537 ac-ft of evapotranspiration, 346 ac-ft of spring discharge, and 5 ac-ft of stream leakage. Further investigations are needed to refine the annual steady-state model, develop a seasonal (oscillatory) model, and construct transient simulations predicting responses of the hydrologic system to climatic and/or anthropogenic stresses. Extremely large mountain-front recharge and subsurface outflow estimates should be improved by conducting pump tests, geophysical studies, and isotope dating and chemistry analyses of ground water, and by collecting more water levels in Sonora. These studies will also provide information on the role of basalt flows in mountain-front recharge distribution and ground-water flow patterns. The study concludes with a recommended monitoring program for the refuge.
    Series/Report no.
    Technical Reports on Hydrology and Water Resources, No. 97-030
    Sponsors
    This research was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Several members of the Fish and Wildlife Service's Water Resources Division in Albuquerque, NM, and of the San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge in Douglas, AZ, provided greatly appreciated assistance and guidance: Steve Cullinan, Paul Tashjian, Joanna Crowe, Kevin Cobble, Matt Magoffin, Tony Velasco, and Guillermina Sumpter. Additional advice and assistance was offered by Laurel Lacher, Peter Mock, Stan Leake, and several employees of Groundwater Resources Consultants, Inc. Thanks to Lorraine McDonald for drafting several figures and to Mike Mahan and Frank Wiggins for assistance in the field.
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    Hydrology & Water Resources Technical Reports

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