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    No evidence for contagious yawning in lemurs

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    YawningMS_Revisions_FINAL.pdf
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    Description:
    Final Accepted Manuscript
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    Author
    MacLean, Evan L.
    Reddy, Rachna B.
    Krupenye, Christopher
    Hare, Brian
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol
    Issue Date
    2016-09
    Keywords
    Lemurs
    Lemurs
    Strepsirhine
    Emotional contagion
    
    Metadata
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    Publisher
    SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
    Citation
    Reddy, R.B., Krupenye, C., MacLean, E.L. et al. Anim Cogn (2016) 19: 889. doi:10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1
    Journal
    ANIMAL COGNITION
    Rights
    © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Among some haplorhine primates, including humans, relaxed yawns spread contagiously. Such contagious yawning has been linked to social bonds and empathy in some species. However, no studies have investigated contagious yawning in strepsirhines. We conducted an experimental study of contagious yawning in strepsirhines, testing ring-tailed and ruffed lemurs (n = 24) in a paradigm similar to one that has induced contagious yawning in haplorhines. First, in a control experiment, we investigated whether lemurs responded to projected video content in general (experiment 1). We showed them two videos to which we expected differential responses: one featured a terrestrial predator and the other a caretaker holding food. Next, to test for yawn contagion, we showed individual lemurs life-size video projections of groupmates and conspecific strangers yawning, and control footage of the same individuals at rest (experiment 2). Then, to examine whether a group context might enhance or allow for contagion, we exposed subjects to the same videos in a group setting (experiment 3). Lemurs produced alarm vocalizations and moved upward while viewing the predator, but not the caretaker, demonstrating that they do perceive video content meaningfully. However, lemurs did not yawn in response to yawning stimuli when tested alone, or with their groupmates. This study provides preliminary evidence that lemurs do not respond to yawning stimuli similarly to haplorhines, and suggests that this behavior may have evolved or become more exaggerated in haplorhines after the two major primate lineages split.
    Note
    Published online 13 April 2016. 12 Month Embargo.
    ISSN
    1435-9448
    PubMed ID
    27075549
    DOI
    10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1
    Version
    Final accepted manuscript
    Sponsors
    Undergraduate Research Support office at Duke University; Molly H. Glander Student Research Grant from the Duke Lemur Center; NSF GRFP [DGE-1256260, DGE-1106401]
    Additional Links
    http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1007/s10071-016-0986-1
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