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    Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students

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    Author
    Davis, Amy L. cc
    Harvey, Erin M. cc
    Twelker, J. Daniel
    Miller, Joseph M.
    Leonard-Green, Tina K. cc
    Campus, Irene
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Ophthalmol & Vis Sci
    Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth
    Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci
    Issue Date
    2016
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP
    Citation
    Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students 2016, 2016:1 Journal of Ophthalmology
    Journal
    Journal of Ophthalmology
    Rights
    Copyright © 2016 Amy L. Davis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Purpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children. Methods. 3rd-8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed. Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitude (no/low: <1.00D, moderate: 1.00D to <3.00D, and high: >= 3.00 D), presence/absence of clinical signs of CI and AI, and presence of symptoms. Analyses determine rate of clinical CI and AI and symptomatic CI and AI and assessed the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism. Results. In the sample of 484 students (11.67 +/- 1.81 years of age), rate of symptomatic CI was 6.2% and symptomatic AI 18.2%. AI was more common in students with CI than without CI. Students with AI only (p = 0.02) and with CI and AI (p = 0.001) had higher symptom scores than students with neither CI nor AI. Moderate and high astigmats were not at increased risk for CI or AI. Conclusions. With-the-rule astigmats are not at increased risk for CI or AI. High comorbidity rates of CI and AI and higher symptoms scores with AI suggest that research is needed to determine symptomatology specific to CI.
    ISSN
    2090-004X
    2090-0058
    DOI
    10.1155/2016/6963976
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    National Institutes of Health/National Eye Institute (NIH/NEI Grant) [EY13153]; Research to Prevent Blindness; Walt and Lilly Disney Award for Amblyopia Research
    Additional Links
    http://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2016/6963976/
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1155/2016/6963976
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