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    Static Polarizability Measurements and Inertial Sensing with Nanograting Atom Interferometry

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    Author
    Gregoire, Maxwell David
    Issue Date
    2016
    Keywords
    Gyroscope
    Inertial
    Interferometer
    Polarizability
    Precision
    Physics
    Atom
    Advisor
    Cronin, Alexander D.
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    I used a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer to measure the static electric-dipole polarizabilities of K, Rb, and Cs atoms with 0.11\% uncertainty. Static polarizability measurements serve as benchmark tests for 𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜 atomic structure calculations. Calculating atomic properties such as polarizabilities, van der Waals coefficients, state lifetimes, or oscillator strengths involves accurately calculating the valence electrons' electric-dipole transition matrix elements. Additionally, testing Cs atomic structure calculations helps interpret the results of parity non-conservation experiments, which in turn places constraints on beyond-the-standard-model physics. I discuss improvements to our experiment that allowed us to measure static polarizabilities with 0.11% uncertainty, and we present our results in the context of recent 𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜 and semi-empirical static polarizabilities and recent, high-precision measurements of excited state lifetimes and van der Waals C₆ coefficients. I also used our interferometer to develop a new technique for inertial sensing. High precision, portable, atom-interferometer gyroscopes and accelerometers are desirable for self-contained inertial navigation and in the future may be used for tests of General Relativity and searches for gravitational waves using satellite-mounted inertial sensors. Satellite-mounted atom interferometers are challenging to build because of size, weight, power, and reliability constraints. Atom interferometers that use nanogratings to diffract atoms are attractive for satellite-mounted inertial sensing applications because nanogratings weigh approximately nothing and require no power. We developed a new 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢 measurement technique using our nanograting atom interferometer, and we used it to measure inertial forces for the benefit of our static polarizability measurements. I also review how to calculate the sensitivity of a nanograting atom interferometer, and I employed these calculations in order to design a portable, nanograting atom interferometer inertial sensor.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Dissertation
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Physics
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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