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    Ancient eruptions of η Carinae: a tale written in proper motions

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    Author
    Kiminki, Megan M.
    Reiter, Megan
    Smith, Nathan
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Steward Observ
    Issue Date
    2016-11-21
    Keywords
    circumstellar matter
    stars: individual: eta Carinae
    stars: mass-loss
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    Citation
    Ancient eruptions of η Carinae: a tale written in proper motions 2016, 463 (1):845 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Journal
    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Rights
    © 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    We analyse eight epochs of Hubble Space Telescope H alpha+[N ii] imaging of eta Carinae's outer ejecta. Proper motions of nearly 800 knots reveal that the detected ejecta are divided into three apparent age groups, dating to around 1250 A.D., to around 1550 A.D., and to during or shortly before the Great Eruption of the 1840s. Ejecta from these groups reside in different locations and provide a firm constraint that eta Car experienced multiple major eruptions prior to the nineteenth century. The 1250 and 1550 events did not share the same axisymmetry as the Homunculus; the 1250 event was particularly asymmetric, even one-sided. In addition, the ejecta in the S ridge, which have been associated with the Great Eruption, appear to predate the ejection of the Homunculus by several decades. We detect essentially ballistic expansion across multiple epochs. We find no evidence for large-scale deceleration of the observed knots that could power the soft X-ray shell by ploughing into surrounding material, suggesting that the observed X-rays arise instead from fast, rarefied ejecta from the 1840s overtaking the older dense knots. Early deceleration and subsequent coasting cannot explain the origin of the older outer ejecta - significant episodic mass loss prior to the nineteenth century is required. The time-scale and geometry of the past eruptions provide important constraints for any theoretical physical mechanisms driving eta Car's behaviour. Non-repeating mechanisms such as the merger of a close binary in a triple system would require additional complexities to explain the observations.
    ISSN
    0035-8711
    1365-2966
    DOI
    10.1093/mnras/stw2019
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    NASA from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-13390]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]
    Additional Links
    https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/mnras/stw2019
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/mnras/stw2019
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