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    Precise radial velocities of giant stars

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    Author
    Ortiz, Mauricio
    Reffert, Sabine
    Trifonov, Trifon
    Quirrenbach, Andreas
    Mitchell, David S.
    Nowak, Grzegorz
    Buenzli, Esther cc
    Zimmerman, Neil
    Bonnefoy, Mickaël
    Skemer, Andy
    Defrère, Denis
    Lee, Man Hoi
    Fischer, Debra A. cc
    Hinz, Philip M.
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    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Astron
    Issue Date
    2016-10-28
    Keywords
    planetary systems
    planets and satellites: formation
    planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
    planets and satellites: gaseous planets
    planets and satellites: detection
    planets and satellites: general
    
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    Publisher
    EDP SCIENCES S A
    Citation
    Precise radial velocities of giant stars 2016, 595:A55 Astronomy & Astrophysics
    Journal
    Astronomy & Astrophysics
    Rights
    © ESO, 2016.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Context. For over 12 yr, we have carried out a precise radial velocity (RV) survey of a sample of 373 G- and K-giant stars using the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph at the Lick Observatory. There are, among others, a number of multiple planetary systems in our sample as well as several planetary candidates in stellar binaries. Aims. We aim at detecting and characterizing substellar and stellar companions to the giant star HD 59686 A (HR 2877, HIP 36616). Methods. We obtained high-precision RV measurements of the star HD 59686 A. By fitting a Keplerian model to the periodic changes in the RVs, we can assess the nature of companions in the system. To distinguish between RV variations that are due to non-radial pulsation or stellar spots, we used infrared RVs taken with the CRIRES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. Additionally, to characterize the system in more detail, we obtained high-resolution images with LMIRCam at the Large Binocular Telescope. Results. We report the probable discovery of a giant planet with a mass of m(p) sin i = 6.92(-0.24)(+0.18) M-Jup orbiting at a(p) = 1.0860(-0.0007)(+0.0006) aufrom the giant star HD 59686 A. In addition to the planetary signal, we discovered an eccentric (e(B) = 0.729(-0.003)(+0.004)) binary companionwith a mass of m(B) sin i = 0.5296(-0.0008)(+0.0011) M-circle dot orbiting at a close separation from the giant primary with a semi-major axis of a(B) = 13.56(-0.14)(+0.18) au. Conclusions. The existence of the planet HD 59686 Ab in a tight eccentric binary system severely challenges standard giant planet formation theories and requires substantial improvements to such theories in tight binaries. Otherwise, alternative planet formation scenarios such as second-generation planets or dynamical interactions in an early phase of the system's lifetime need to be seriously considered to better understand the origin of this enigmatic planet.
    Note
    Open Access Journal.
    ISSN
    0004-6361
    1432-0746
    DOI
    10.1051/0004-6361/201628791
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Hong Kong RGC grant [HKU 17305015]
    Additional Links
    http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628791
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1051/0004-6361/201628791
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