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    The structure function as a metric for roughness and figure

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    Author
    Parks, Robert E.
    Tuell, Michael T.
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Steward Observ
    Issue Date
    2016-09-27
    Keywords
    Structure function
    figure and roughness surface specification
    power spectral density
    PSD
    fabrication
    mid-spatial frequency errors
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
    Citation
    Robert E. Parks and Michael T. Tuell " The structure function as a metric for roughness and figure ", Proc. SPIE 9951, Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification X, 99510J (September 27, 2016); doi:10.1117/12.2238600; http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2238600
    Journal
    Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification X
    Rights
    © 2016 SPIE.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    As optical designs become more sophisticated and incorporate aspheric and free form surfaces, the need to specify limits on mid-spatial frequency manufacturing errors becomes more critical, particularly as we better understand the effects of these errors on image quality. While there already exist methods based on Fourier analysis to specify these errors in most commercial interferometry software, the method of calculation and the power spectral density (PSD) results remain obscure to many in the optical design and manufacturing field. We suggest that the structure functions (SF) contains the same information as in the Fourier based PSD but in a way that is much more transparent to analysis, interpretation and application as a specification. The units of measure are more familiar and the concept behind the analysis is simpler to understand. Further, the information contained in the structure function (or PSD) allows a complete specification of an optical surface from the finest measurable detail of roughness to the overall figure. We discuss the origin of the structure function in the field of astronomy to describe the effects of air turbulence on image quality, the simple mathematical definition of the structure function and its easy means of calculation and how its results should be scaled depending on the location of the optical surface in a system from pupil to image plane. Finally, we give an example of how to write a specification of an optical surface using the structure function.
    ISSN
    0277-786X
    DOI
    10.1117/12.2238600
    Version
    Final published version
    Additional Links
    http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?doi=10.1117/12.2238600
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1117/12.2238600
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