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    • Tree-Ring Research, Volume 64, Issue 1 (Jun 2008)
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    Tree Establishment During Dry Spells At An Oak Savanna In Minnesota

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    Author
    Ziegler, Susy Svatek
    Larson, Evan R.
    Rauchfuss, Julia
    Elliott, Grant P.
    Affiliation
    Minnesota Dendroecology Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Minnesota
    Issue Date
    2008-06
    Keywords
    Tree Rings
    Dendrochronology
    Oak Savanna
    Drought
    Palmer Drought Severity Index
    Tree Establishment
    Bur Oak
    Quercus Macrocarpa
    Northern Pin Oak
    Quercus ellipsoidalis
    Green Ash
    Fraxinus pennsylvanica
    Minnesota
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    Rights
    Copyright © Tree-Ring Society. All rights reserved.
    Collection Information
    This item is part of the Tree-Ring Research (formerly Tree-Ring Bulletin) archive. For more information about this peer-reviewed scholarly journal, please email the Editor of Tree-Ring Research at editor@treeringsociety.org.
    Publisher
    Tree-Ring Society
    Journal
    Tree-Ring Research
    Citation
    Ziegler, S.S., Larson, E., Rauchfuss, J., Elliott, G., 2008. Tree establishment during dry spells at an oak savanna in Minnesota. Tree-Ring Research 64(1):47-54.
    Abstract
    Recent research has challenged the long-standing hypothesis that forests in the Upper Midwest of the United States developed during wetter periods and retreated during dry periods. We explored this debate by examining patterns of tree establishment on an oak savanna in east-central Minnesota within the context of variable moisture availability and fire suppression. We used superposed epoch analyses (SEA) to evaluate the mean moisture conditions for a 21-year window surrounding tree establishment dates. Before effective fire suppression (1809–1939), 24 of 42 trees with pith dates (62%) grew to 30-cm height during dry years (Palmer Drought Severity Index < -1), versus only 5 of 42 (12%) that established in wet years (PDSI > 1). Significantly more trees established during dry periods (negative PDSI values) than would be expected with the proportion of wet-to-dry years (x²= 10.738, df = 1, p-value = 0.001). Twenty of the complete sample of 74 trees with pith dates (27%) established during drought in the 1930s. We hypothesize that dry conditions limited plant productivity, which in turn decreased competition between grasses and tree seedlings and reduced rates of accumulation of fine fuels, enabling seedlings to grow tall enough to resist subsequent fires. We recommend SEA as a methodological approach to compare historical climate conditions with the timing of regeneration success in other regions of forest expansion.
    ISSN
    1536-1098
    2162-4585
    Additional Links
    http://www.treeringsociety.org
    Collections
    Tree-Ring Research, Volume 64, Issue 1 (Jun 2008)

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