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    Foamy-like endogenous retroviruses are extensive and abundant in teleosts

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    Author
    Ruboyianes, Ryan
    Worobey, Michael
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol
    Issue Date
    2016-12-30
    Keywords
    paleovirology
    endogenous retrovirus
    foamy virus
    fish
    phylogeny
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    Citation
    Foamy-like endogenous retroviruses are extensive and abundant in teleosts 2016, 2 (2):vew032 Virus Evolution
    Journal
    Virus Evolution
    Rights
    © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Recent discoveries indicate that the foamy virus (FV) (Spumavirus) ancestor may have been among the first retroviruses to appear during the evolution of vertebrates, demonstrated by foamy endogenous retroviruses present within deeply divergent hosts including mammals, coelacanth, and ray-finned fish. If they indeed existed in ancient marine environments hundreds of millions of years ago, significant undiscovered diversity of foamy-like endogenous retroviruses might be present in fish genomes. By screening published genomes and by applying PCR-based assays of preserved tissues, we discovered 23 novel foamy-like elements in teleost hosts. These viruses form a robust, reciprocally monophyletic sister clade with sarcopterygian host FV, with class III mammal endogenous retroviruses being the sister group to both clades. Some of these foamy-like retroviruses have larger genomes than any known retrovirus, exogenous or endogenous, due to unusually long gag-like genes and numerous accessory genes. The presence of genetic features conserved between mammalian FV and these novel retroviruses attests to a foamy-like replication biology conserved for hundreds of millions of years. We estimate that some of these viruses integrated recently into host genomes; exogenous forms of these viruses may still circulate.
    Note
    Open Access Journal
    ISSN
    2057-1577
    DOI
    10.1093/ve/vew032
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    NIH/NIAID [R01AI084691]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation
    Additional Links
    https://academic.oup.com/ve/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ve/vew032
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/ve/vew032
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