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    Assessment of Ephemeral Channel Cross-Section Morphology Following Pipeline Construction in Southern Arizona

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    Author
    Miller, Hennessy Felicia
    Issue Date
    2017
    Keywords
    channel morphology
    cross-section area change
    ephemeral channel
    LIDAR
    morphology
    natural gas pipeline
    Advisor
    Fehmi, Jeffrey S.
    
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    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    Morphologic change of ephemeral stream cross-sections is a natural component of fluvial geomorphology but disruptions to natural erosion and deposition by anthropogenic disturbances has the potential for cascading impacts down the channel corridor. The proximal impact of a natural gas pipeline construction on ephemeral stream cross-section geometry in southern Arizona was evaluated from July 2014 (pre-construction) to July 2016 (two years post construction). Cross-sections at three locations (upstream the pipeline Right-Of-Way (ROW)), through the middle of the ROW, and downstream of the ROW) were measured using Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) and field methods for 16 ephemeral streams. Results of both the LIDAR and field measurements indicated insignificant difference in cross-sectional area change between upstream, across, and downstream-ROW cross-sections [(F 2,64) = 0.341, p = 0.73; (F2,18)= 0.980, p = 0.395]. Sediment generated during pipeline construction appeared to have moved beyond the physical confines of the study site, which limited the assessment of larger-scale geomorphic impacts. Furthermore, the 2014-2016 study period experienced only small (high-recurrence frequency) precipitation events, indicating the absence of large flows capable of significant morphologic change. To further explain differences in cross-section area change between LIDAR datasets, a linear regression model was used to assess the predictive value of nine variables: year of measurement, drainage area, drainage density, basin slope, upstream-, across-, downstream-ROW cross-section locations, percent bare soil in basin, percent mesquite in basin, total precipitation, and number of storms with average precipitation above 25 mm/hour. Though the amount of bare soil in the basin and the second study period (February 2015-July 2016) at least partially explained the changes in cross-section area, the model was not a strong predictor of morphologic change during the 2014-2016 study period. The majority of the variability in cross-sectional area change in the study basins remained unexplained.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Thesis
    Degree Name
    M.S.
    Degree Level
    masters
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Natural Resources
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
    Collections
    Master's Theses

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