Physical Therapy Modalities: How they Work and their Effectiveness in the Treatment of Shoulder Pain

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explain the parts, administration, mechanism of action, and beneficial effects of four different physical therapy modalities: Ultrasound, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Dry Needling, and Cupping. Ultrasound, and Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation have been used in physical therapy clinics for many years, whereas dry needling and cupping are newer to the physical therapy practice. All four of these modalities are commonly used in treatment, which begs the question of whether they are effective. This paper presents the research and findings from multiple sources on the effectiveness of these different modalities in regards to shoulder pain.