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    Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421

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    Author
    Carnerero, M. I.
    Raiteri, C. M. cc
    Villata, M.
    Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
    Larionov, V. M.
    Smith, P. S.
    D'Ammando, F.
    Agudo, I.
    Arévalo, M. J.
    Bachev, R.
    Barnes, J.
    Boeva, S.
    Bozhilov, V.
    Carosati, D.
    Casadio, C.
    Chen, W. P.
    Damljanovic, G.
    Eswaraiah, E.
    Forné, E.
    Gantchev, G.
    Gómez, J. L.
    González-Morales, P. A.
    Griñón-Marín, A. B.
    Grishina, T. S.
    Holden, M.
    Ibryamov, S. cc
    Joner, M. D.
    Jordan, B.
    Jorstad, S. G.
    Joshi, M.
    Kopatskaya, E. N.
    Koptelova, E.
    Kurtanidze, O. M.
    Kurtanidze, S. O.
    Larionova, E. G.
    Larionova, L. V.
    Latev, G.
    Lázaro, C.
    Ligustri, R.
    Lin, H. C.
    Marscher, A. P.
    Martínez-Lombilla, C.
    McBreen, B.
    Mihov, B.
    Molina, S. N.
    Moody, J. W.
    Morozova, D. A.
    Nikolashvili, M. G.
    Nilsson, K.
    Ovcharov, E.
    Pace, C.
    Panwar, N.
    Pastor Yabar, A.
    Pearson, R. L.
    Pinna, F.
    Protasio, C.
    Rizzi, N.
    Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J.
    Rodríguez-Coira, G.
    Ros, J. A.
    Sadun, A. C.
    Savchenko, S. S.
    Semkov, E.
    Slavcheva-Mihova, L.
    Smith, N.
    Strigachev, A.
    Troitskaya, Yu. V.
    Troitsky, I. S.
    Vasilyev, A. A. cc
    Vince, O.
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    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Steward Observ
    Issue Date
    2017-12
    Keywords
    galaxies: active
    BL Lacertae objects: general
    BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421
    galaxies: jets
    
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    Publisher
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    Citation
    Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421 2017, 472 (4):3789 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Journal
    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Rights
    © 2017 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    We report on long-term multiwavelength monitoring of blazar Mrk 421 by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (GASP-WEBT) collaboration and Steward Observatory, and by the Swift and Fermi satellites. We study the source behaviour in the period 2007-2015, characterized by several extreme flares. The ratio between the optical, X-ray and gamma-ray fluxes is very variable. The gamma-ray flux variations show a fair correlation with the optical ones starting from 2012. We analyse spectropolarimetric data and find wavelength-dependence of the polarization degree (P), which is compatible with the presence of the host galaxy, and no wavelength dependence of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA). Optical polarimetry shows a lack of simple correlation between P and flux and wide rotations of the EVPA. We build broad-band spectral energy distributions with simultaneous near-infrared and optical data from the GASP-WEBT and ultraviolet and X-ray data from the Swift satellite. They show strong variability in both flux and X-ray spectral shape and suggest a shift of the synchrotron peak up to a factor of similar to 50 in frequency. The interpretation of the flux and spectral variability is compatible with jet models including at least two emitting regions that can change their orientation with respect to the line of sight.
    ISSN
    0035-8711
    1365-2966
    DOI
    10.1093/mnras/stx2185
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants [NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G, NNX12AO93G, NNX15AU81G]; Shota Rustaveli NSF [FR/577/6-320/13]; US National Science Foundation [AST-1615796]; NASA Fermi Guest Investigator grant [NNX14AQ58G]; NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator Program; NSF; BU; Lowell Observatory; Russian RFBR [15-02-00949]; St. Petersburg University [6.38.335.2015]; Ramon y Cajal grant of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO); MINECO [AYA2010-14844, AYA2013-40825-P, AYA2016-80889-P]; Regional Government of Andalucia [P09-FQM-4784]; Scientific Research Fund of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Sciences [DO 02-137 (BIn-13/09), DN 08/1]; Institute of Astronomy; Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory; Bulgaria Academy of Sciences, via the bilateral joint research project 'Observations of ICRF radio-sources visible in optical domain'; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [176011, 176004, 176021]; Shumen University [RD-08-81]
    Additional Links
    http://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/472/4/3789/4094893/Dissecting-the-longterm-emission-behaviour-of-the
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/mnras/stx2185
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