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    Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era

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    Author
    Anchukaitis, Kevin J.
    Affiliation
    Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev
    Issue Date
    2017-12-20
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Publisher
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    Citation
    Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era 2017, 13 (12):1851 Climate of the Past
    Journal
    Climate of the Past
    Rights
    © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
    Collection Information
    This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
    Abstract
    Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of drought) is limited because of a paucity of modern instrumental observations that are distributed unevenly across the globe and only span parts of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such data coverage is insufficient for characterizing hydroclimate and its associated dynamics because of its multidecadal to centennial variability and highly regionalized spatial signature. High-resolution (seasonal to decadal) hydroclimatic proxies that span all or parts of the Common Era (CE) and paleoclimate simulations from climate models are therefore important tools for augmenting our understanding of hydroclimate variability. In particular, the comparison of the two sources of information is critical for addressing the uncertainties and limitations of both while enriching each of their interpretations. We review the principal proxy data available for hydroclimatic reconstructions over the CE and highlight the contemporary understanding of how these proxies are interpreted as hydroclimate indicators. We also review the available last-millennium simulations from fully coupled climate models and discuss several outstanding challenges associated with simulating hydroclimate variability and change over the CE. A specific review of simulated hydroclimatic changes forced by volcanic events is provided, as is a discussion of expected improvements in estimated radiative forcings, models, and their implementation in the future. Our review of hydroclimatic proxies and last-millennium model simulations is used as the basis for articulating a variety of considerations and best practices for how to perform proxy–model comparisons of CE hydroclimate. This discussion provides a framework for how best to evaluate hydroclimate variability and its associated dynamics using these comparisons and how they can better inform interpretations of both proxy data and model simulations. We subsequently explore means of using proxy–model comparisons to better constrain and characterize future hydroclimate risks. This is explored specifically in the context of several examples that demonstrate how proxy–model comparisons can be used to quantitatively constrain future hydroclimatic risks as estimated from climate model projections.
    Note
    Open access journal.
    ISSN
    1814-9332
    DOI
    10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
    Version
    Final published version
    Sponsors
    US National Science Foundation through the National Center for Atmospheric Research; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1502150, AGS-1303976, AGS-1433551, AGS-1602564, AGS-1501856, AGS-1243125, AGS-1243107, AGS-1404003, AGS-1243204, AGS-1401400, AGS-1602581, AGS-1502830, AGS-1203785, AGS-1602920, OCE-1502832]; Australian Research Council [SR140300001, FL100100195, DECRA DE16010092]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41305069, 41675082]; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); JPI-Climate/Belmont Forum [FKZ: 01LP1607B]; DFG-Research Center/Cluster of Excellence; Swedish Science Council (VR) [2012-5246]; Swiss National Science Foundation; Brown Institute for Environment and Society; Lamont-Doherty Postdoctoral Fellowship and Earth Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship programs of Columbia University; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program
    Additional Links
    https://www.clim-past.net/13/1851/2017/
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
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