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    Modeling of ground-water flow for the Amran Valley basin

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    Author
    Harmal, Mohamed Saad
    Issue Date
    1997
    Advisor
    Maddock III, Thomas
    
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    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Abstract
    The 800 km2 Amran Valley is a basin lying in an intermountain graben produced by tectonic movement associated with the Red Sea rifting. The basin is filled by quaternary alluvial deposits to depths of300 m. The Amran Valley quaternary section constitutes the region's only known aquifer, the Valley aquifer. Groundwater occurs under water table conditions (unconfined aquifer) in the uppermost layer and under artesian conditions (semi-confined aquifer) for the lower layer. The aquifers are replenished underflow from wadis and surface inflow. The Valley aquifer suffers from severe overdrafts, which caused depressed water levels in the whole aquifer. Constructing a numerical flow model for (simulating) steady-state and transient-state conditions to better understand the hydro logic system of the basin is the main objective of this study. The steady-state condition was run for 1973 to produce the annual initial heads for that year, which was used as initial configuration heads for the transient-state conditions for the period 197 4 to 1977. Annual outflows as underflow from the basin to Wadi Attaf were estimated at 5.5 Mm3/year (NORDEP). The ground-water losses were estimated as 42% (NORDEP) from the total pumped irrigation, which is considered a low estimation, and it is increased to 60%. The surface recharge to the aquifer was estimated as 11 Mm3/year (NORDEP); it is considered high estimation and is reduced to 0.5 Mm3/year. Further investigations are needed to improve the steady-state model and recalibrate transient simulation for predicting responses of the hydro logic system to climate and anthropogenic stresses for the last time. Improved information on hydraulic parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are needed to improve the model.
    Type
    text
    Thesis-Reproduction (electronic)
    Degree Name
    M.S.
    Degree Level
    masters
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Hydrology and Water Resources
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
    Collections
    Master's Theses

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