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    Hidden Risks: Relationship among VAT, IL-18, and Adiponectin in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Filipino Americans

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    Author
    Gallegos, Julian Leandro
    Issue Date
    2018
    Keywords
    Adiponectin
    Filipino Americans
    IL-18
    Type 2 Diabetes
    VAT
    Advisor
    Ritter, Leslie
    
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    Publisher
    The University of Arizona.
    Rights
    Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
    Embargo
    Release after 04-May-2019
    Abstract
    Background and Aims: Filipino Americans (FAs) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes however little research exists as to why this occurs. There is some evidence that pro-inflammatory Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) markers associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may explain this risk but have not been examined in FAs without diabetes, with pre-diabetes and with type 2 diabetes. In these groups the aims were to 1) Quantify VAT, IL-18, and adiponectin and describe the values in relation to known reference ranges (RR) 2) Determine the relationships of VAT, IL-18, and adiponectin within the three groups 3) Determine if VAT, IL-18, and adiponectin were significantly different among the three groups. Methods: FAs were recruited from healthcare and community centers in Solano County, California. VAT was measured using the InBody 570 © body impedance analyzer. Blood was obtained for HgA1c and plasma was used to quantify IL-18 and adiponectin with ELISA. Correlation coefficients were conducted to determine the association among VAT, IL-18 and adiponectin in the three groups. One-way ANOVAs were conducted for each variable to assess if there was significance among groups. Results: Seventy-five participants were recruited (N=25 per group); 68% were female; mean age of 42 years. 57% of women but only 27 % of men had VAT values above the RR. The percentage of participants with an IL-18 above the RR used for this study was greater in the pre-diabetes (68%) and diabetes groups (64%) vs. the non-diabetes group (40%). Interestingly, 90-100% of the adiponectin values in both men and women were well above the RR. There was no correlation among the biomarkers within any group. VAT and IL-18 were not significantly different among groups; however, adiponectin was significantly lower in the diabetes group vs. the non-diabetes group (p<0.05). Significance: This is the first time VAT, IL-18 and adiponectin have been examined in FAs without diabetes, with pre-diabetes and with diabetes. While a young, active and mostly female sample may have confounded the biomarker findings, the results point toward the need for further study of the mechanisms of diabetes development and progression in FAs.
    Type
    text
    Electronic Dissertation
    Degree Name
    Ph.D.
    Degree Level
    doctoral
    Degree Program
    Graduate College
    Nursing
    Degree Grantor
    University of Arizona
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